动脉粥样硬化可引起脑组织循环和代谢的变化，并影响最终预后。目前高分辨血管壁MR成像只局限于颅外颈总动脉、颈内动脉或者颅内动脉单一部位斑块的研究，缺乏颈动脉整体路径上斑块的负荷研究，并且斑块与脑组织代谢和循环的关系还需进一步证实。本研究采用兔高脂喂养和球囊损伤模型，分析颈动脉和颅内动脉整体路径上不稳定斑块的MR影像特征与病理学的相关性及其对脑组织循环和代谢的影响。采集缺血性脑卒中病人头颈部动脉及脑组织的多模态MRI数据，探究颈总动脉、颈内动脉及颅内动脉整体斑块的负荷和不稳定性对病人侧支循环分级、脑组织代谢和循环的影响，寻找影响卒中严重程度及预后的影像学指标。根据动物和卒中病人不稳定斑块的影像学特征，对无症状高风险及正常志愿者前瞻性地判断斑块不稳定性，以2年随访或脑卒中发作作为观察指标，找出药物干预的敏感性影像学指标，预警脑卒中的发生。该研究将脑卒中治疗阶段提前到预防阶段，具有非常重大的价值。

Atherosclerosis is a contributor that causes changes in cerebral circulation and metabolism and the final prognosis varies accordingly. Current studies on high resolution vessel wall MR imaging of plaque were limited to extracranial common carotid artery, internal carotid artery or intracranial artery alone and lacked overall plaque evaluation along arterial trajectory, thus the relationship between plaque and cerebral metabolism and circulation remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, high-fat-fed and balloon-injured rabbit models are used to explore correlation between imaging features and pathology of unstable plaque in carotid and intracranial arteries together, and impact of plaque on cerebral circulation and metabolism. Multi-modal head and neck combined vessel wall MR imaging and imaging of brain tissue are acquired to assess the overall plaque burden and vulnerability in the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery and intracranial artery, and to explore their impact on collateral circulation grading, cerebral metabolism and circulation in patients with ischemic stroke, therefore search for the imaging features affecting severity and prognosis of stroke. MRI imaging features based on animal trial and ischemic stroke patients are also collected for asymptomatic patients with high risk and normal volunteers. A 2-year follow-up or stroke onset is regarded as observation endpoint to help identify sensitive imaging indicators and to determine patients who need drug intervention. By advancing the treatment to stroke prevention stage, this study can be of great value.