中国近代城市住宅模式及居住历史数字记忆库——以1840-1949年的上海为例

我国近代丰富历史文化与城市住宅建筑的多样密不可分。关于我国近代住宅建筑与城市历史研究已成果颇丰，但往往忽略了建筑的物质空间与内蕴历史之间的能动关系，使近代城市住宅的研究呈现出虚实分离、局部与整体分离以及理论与实践分离的现状。本课题上海五个城区——黄浦区、徐汇区、静安区、虹口区、杨浦区为切入点，利用住宅模式理论对区域内的住宅案例的共性进行研究，搭建以空间为线索的历史数据索引框架，并通过田野调查、史料考证、BP神经网络模型、BIM技术、GIS技术、数据库建设等研究方法，解析各类原始史料与建筑元素之间的互动关系，建立城市数字记忆库。本课题的开展，将有助于进一步补充和完善我国的住宅历史，厘清物质空间与内蕴历史文化的关系。此外，城市数字记忆库将为历史研究成果的转化提供具有可操作性的方式与方法，为延续城市历史文脉，保护历史文化遗产，增强文化自信提供新的思路。

The rich history and culture of early modern China are inseparable from the diversity of its urban housing. The research on urban housing and urban history of the early modern period has been prolific, but the interactive relationship between the physical forms of housing and the embodied historical content has been largely neglected, which has caused the disjoints of abstract ideas and reality, parts and whole, and theory and practice. In this proposed new research project, the five urban districts of Shanghai--Huangpu, Xuhui, Jing'an, Hongkou and Yangpu – are selected as case studies. “Housing pattern”, as a conceptual apparatus, will be used to search for the commonality of different housing types in the above chosen area. Through fieldwork, historical archive research, BP neural network model, BIM, GIS, construction database and other research approaches, a space-based Historical Data Index Framework will be developed for the analysis of meaningful interconnections between the primary historical data and housing forms. Subsequently a digital database of urban memory can be established. This outcome of this research project will substantially enhance the research of China's housing history by elucidating the symbiotic relationship between physical forms of housing and its cultural and societal history. In addition, the digital database of urban memory will provide practical techniques and methods for knowledge transfer of historical research, so that new understanding and methods of preserving urban memory, protecting historical and cultural heritage and enhancing cultural confidence can be developed.