近年来，关于非晶碳膜或碳基薄膜固体表面的低摩擦基础研究取得了很大进步，在理想条件下已有0.01-0.001的低摩擦系数报道。然而在大气环境中，碳-钢界面间目前还难以实现低摩擦(μ<0.1)。为此，本研究从碳-钢界面低摩擦原理基础研究入手、以开发碳膜低摩擦球轴承为目标导向，确立本研究核心科学问题为：“接触聚焦电子诱导的碳-钢界面低摩擦原理及其在球轴承中的关键技术”。具体而言，通过设计垂直与水平电场作用下的球面接触聚焦电子摩擦学系统，研究电子触发的sp3键向sp2键转化形成纳晶石墨烯的聚焦电子临界条件，以及在摩擦力作用下纳晶石墨烯快速重构形成大面积石墨烯的关键因素，进而揭示接触聚焦电子诱导的非晶碳-钢界面低摩擦原理；在此基础上研究电子在球轴承中多个球面接触点的分布规律与摩擦特性，从而为开发低摩擦球轴承转子系统提供关键技术。本研究对于促进基础与应用研究的融合及开发低摩擦轴承具有重要的实用价值。

In recent years, progresses in the fundamental research on low friction behavior of amorphous carbon and other carbon-based surface have been developed, low friction coefficient around 0.01-0.001 in ideal condition can be realized. However, in the ambient atmosphere, it is still hard to realize the low friction at carbon-steel interface (μ<0.1). Therefore, this project will start from clarifying the low friction mechanism between carbon-steel interfaces and aim at developing low friction ball bearing system. This application proposed a scientific problem of “Contact focusing electron induced low friction between carbon-steel interface and the key technologies for ball bearing application”. Specifically, by designing carbon-steel friction system with electric field applying perpendicular or parallel to the carbon-steel interface, the critical intensity of contact focusing electron that could trigger the transformation of sp3 bond to sp2 bond to form graphene nanocrystallites and the key factors of the reconstruction of graphene nanocrystallites to form large area graphene under friction force will be researched, which could further elucidate the low friction mechanisms of contact focusing electron induced low friction between carbon-steel interface. Based on the mentioned work, the distribution of contact points in ball bearing and the tribology properties will be studied, which could provide key technologies for developing low friction ball bearing system. This research can merge the foundation research and industrial application and has important meanings in developing low friction ball bearing.