中小学生科学建模的认知与脑机制研究

提升青少年科学素养是全民科学素质行动计划的一大重要任务。基于我国科学教育质量监测结果，本项目聚焦亟待加强的重要科学实践——科学建模，采用fNIRS、生理心理测量、人机交互等多技术融合方法，以4-8年级学生为研究对象，开展认知诊断实验，采集多模态实验数据以分析研究：①建模四要素（模型的建构、使用、评价和修正）认知负荷以及相应的大脑反应区域，②建模脑认知的性别差异及其与个体成熟度之间的关联机理，③建模脑认知与其科学概念理解水平、科学情感态度倾向之间的关联机理。最后，通过数据建模来揭示科学建模认知与脑机制，为促进基于脑、适于脑、促进脑的中小学生科学素养整合性测评与提升提供科学依据。申请人与参与者已开展遵循脑、技术增强、数据驱动的教育研究，并取得一些前沿成果。本项目进一步的跨学科境内外协同合作及其研究结果，不仅会助力于我国亿万儿童青少年科学素养发展，也会助推国际“脑科学与教育创新”进程。

Improving the scientific literacy of adolescents is a key target of the national scientific literacy action plan. Based on the outcomes in national assessment of science education quality in China, this study focuses on the most needed and the core of scientific practices, i.e., scientific modeling, to explore its cognitive and brain mechanisms. Taking students from grade 4 to grade 8 as the sample, three cognitive diagnoses are conducted in the study. A method of multi-technology fusion is employed to collect multi-mode data during the cognitive diagnoses, by adopting human-computer interaction, psychophysiomeasurement, and fNIRS. Data analysis is carried out to draw conclusions for the following research objectives, including to find: ①students’ cognitive load and brain response areas to the four components of modeling, i.e., constructing, using, evaluating and revising models; ②the significant differences and correlation mechanisms in brain responses between different genders and maturation; ③the correlation mechanisms between students’ conceptual understanding, affect and their brain responses in modeling. Through data modeling to reveal the cognitive and brain mechanisms of scientific modeling, this study provides scientific basis for innovating brain-based assessment and improvement of the integration of scientific literacy for primary and secondary school students. The study team of the high-end experts from inside and outside China has made some collaborative innovation embedded in brain-based, data-driven and technology-enhanced approaches on improving scientific literacy for all students. Based on the further interdisciplinary collaboration, the findings of the study will not only make effort in benefiting hundreds of millions of Chinese adolescents, but also push on the trend of international development in brain science and educational innovation.