慢性肛门直肠痛（CAP）是发生在肛门直肠部位的非器质性疾病引起的顽固持续性的疼痛，属于神经病理性疼痛范畴。基于前期临床研究，电针八髎穴治疗CAP疗效显著。研究表明，脊髓背角P2X4受体介导小胶质细胞活化是导致神经病理性疼痛的主要原因。本研究拟通过建立CAP大鼠模型，明确电针八髎穴干预CAP的优势作用；在此基础上，检测脊髓背角P2X4受体表达情况，运用免疫荧光双标法观察小胶质细胞特异性标记物OX-42的表达情况，运用荧光免疫分析技术、ELISA和Western blot方法，检测脊髓小胶质细胞活化后p38MAPK信号通路的改变及炎症因子的释放，试图从P2X4受体、脊髓小胶质细胞及p38MAPK信号通路阐明CAP发病机理及电针八髎穴治疗CAP的作用机制，同时观察选择性使用阻断剂后对电针治疗CAP效果产生的影响。本研究的完成将为电针八髎穴治疗CAP提供科学依据和阐释，推动其能更好地用于临床。

Chronic Anorectal Pain（CAP） is neuropathic pain which manifests as a symptom of intractable and persistent pain in the anal or rectum , in the absence of underlying organic disease. Based on the previous clinical study, the efficacy of electroacupuncture at Baliao points to treat CAP was significant. Studies show that dorsal root ganglion (DRG) P2X4 receptor mediate microglia activation is the main cause of neuropathic pain. This study plan to set up a rat model of CAP to verify the advantage of electroacupuncture in intervention of CAP. Based on the study, DRG P2X4 total protein level and its expression in cell membrane are measured. The variation of spinal microglia can be observed through microglia specific marker OX-42. Using immunofluorescence technique, ELISA and Western blot analysis, to clarify the mechanism of electroacupuncture on CAP by p38MAPK signaling pathway mediated by spinal microglia activation, and to observe the impact on the electroacupuncture effect if selective use of blocking agents. This study will provide scientific evidence and explanation for CAP treatment by electroacupuncture at Baliao points, to promote the better use of electroacupuncture in clinical practice.