北京市大气中PM1.0的季节性分布及其健康效应研究

我国细颗粒物污染浓度持续偏高，对人体健康造成了巨大威胁。据报道，北京市10 nm-10 μm粒径范围的颗粒物数目中以粒径小于1微米的颗粒物为主，而颗粒物的毒性与其粒径、浓度、化学组成等紧密相关，因此开展PM1.0颗粒物的分析与研究对于全面诠释我国细颗粒物的污染及其健康危害有很重要的意义。本项目拟采用ICP-MS、同步辐射、中子活化等核分析技术，结合离子色谱与HPLC分析，研究北京市大气中PM1.0在不同季节的浓度分布，检测PM1.0中过渡金属和重金属元素的含量及其化学种态，分析有机污染物组成和无机离子浓度，从而探讨不同季节PM1.0的主要成分及其组成比例，解析PM1.0的污染物来源；利用细胞生物学与分子生物学的方法，对比不同季节PM1.0与PM2.5的细胞毒性作用，阐明PM1.0对人体健康的潜在危害及其作用机制，从而完善我国大气污染研究领域中的相关数据，为环保部门制定相关政策提供科学指导。

The air pollution was serious in China in the past few years, and the continuous higher concentration of fine particulate matters pose a great threat to human health. As we know, the toxic effect of particulate matters is closely related to the size, concentration, chemical composition and its sources. It is reported that the particles with the aerodynamic diameter less than 1 μm dominate a big proportion in the number of inhaled particulate matters in Beijing, so it is significant to study the concentration and composition, as well as the bioeffect of PM1.0 for a comprehensive interpretation of China's fine particles pollution and its harm to human health. In this project, the concentration distribution of PM1.0 in different seasons in Beijing is to be studied; also the content and chemical speciation of transition metal and heavy metal element in PM1.0 will be analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, neutron activation analysis and synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Combined with ion chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, the concentration of organic pollutants and inorganic ions in PM1.0 will be also measured. Thus, the main components and its composition proportion in PM1.0 sampled from different seasons can be used to appoint the pollutants source; meanwhile, the cytotoxicity of PM1.0 and PM2.5 in different seasons will be compared with cell biology and molecular biology methods to elucidate the potential harm of PM1.0 to human health and its mechanism, which will enlarge the research of fine particulate matters in China and provide scientific data for the environmental protection departments as well.