基于FDK方法的正逆向动力学结合研究足踝落地冲击的损伤机制

体操运动员和空降兵在落地过程中都要承受巨大的冲击载荷，经常会发生足踝损伤。而足踝关节之间的弹性作用对保护肌肉骨骼系统、减少损伤具有重要的作用。那么在生物力学建模仿真中考虑这种运动约束能否更好地揭示损伤机制？国内外研究缺乏此方面论述。本研究希望针对以上问题，展开以下两个方面的研究工作：一、在AnyBody足踝模型基础上引入FDK方法，利用逆向动力学仿真及实验，探究落地冲击作用下足踝部位的弹性约束条件；二、基于上述研究结果，建立一个考虑关节之间弹性约束作用的多体足踝模型，借助实验和仿真结果，制定相关肌肉的活性激发序列方案，以此添加对足踝肌肉的主动控制，探究不同落地情况与肌肉激发序列的关系，尝试揭示足踝损伤的内在机制。本研究首次将AnyBody中的FDK方法应用到足踝部位，将完善建模仿真中足踝部位更真实的运动约束条件，提升预测足踝运动的准确性，最终为预防足踝落地冲击损伤提供建议。

Gymnasts and paratroopers will bear a huge impact during landing, which often causes damage of the foot and ankle. The elastic interaction of joints and cartilages plays an important role in protecting musculoskeletal system and reducing injury. It is not proved whether the elastic constraint in the biomechanical modeling simulation can better reveal the damage mechanism. Our research is aimed at the two aspects: firstly, the FDK method was brought into the AnyBody model. The effectiveness of elastic constraints will be studied based on the inverse dynamics simulation and experiments. Secondly, a novel foot and ankle model, which contains the elastic restraints among the joints and cartilages, will be established. A relevant excitation sequence scheme of muscle activity, which is called “active control”, is formulated subsequently according to the above studies. The analysis focuses on the relationship between the different landing styles and the muscle excitation sequences, which may reveal the damage mechanism. This is the first time that the FDK method will be applied in AnyBody foot model, which could improve the elastic restraint conditions of foot and ankle in modeling and simulation. It also holds great prospect for increasing the prediction accuracy and providing proposal for the landing impact injury of the foot and ankle motion.