空心碳纳米洋葱的电化学合成及电分析应用

具有独特结构的碳纳米洋葱，作为碳的一种同素异形体，由多层同心的石墨壳层组成，分为空心的碳纳米洋葱和核-壳结构的碳纳米洋葱两类。由于缺乏可控的制备方法，有关空心碳纳米洋葱的研究报道较少。本项目拟通过电化学合成的方法制备石墨层数可控、尺寸分布均匀的空心碳纳米洋葱，结合电化学-质谱、气质和液质等联用方法，理解电化学合成碳纳米洋葱的生长机理。并利用空心的孔腔进一步填充金属或硫化物形成复合物，或在其表面上通过衍生化引入一些官能团，以改善碳纳米洋葱不溶于水和有机溶剂的性质。在此基础上，利用合成的碳纳米洋葱复合物构筑电催化和传感界面，促进碳纳米洋葱在电分析化学方面的应用。系统地开展碳纳米洋葱和它的复合物的电化学制备及其在电化学领域构筑电催化和传感界面的应用研究，不仅为合成有特定功能的碳纳米洋葱打下研究，也为选择合适的碳纳米材料构筑电催化和传感界面提供依据，具有十分重要的理论意义和研究价值。

Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) possessing peculiar structure, as one of the carbon allotropes, are composed of multilayered concentric graphitic shells. CNOs can be classified into two types, including hollow CNOs and core–shell structured CNOs. Due to lack of controllable preparation methods, little research on hollow CNOs has been reported. In this project, hollow CNOs with controllable graphite layer structure and uniform sizes will be synthesized by electrochemical methods. Moreover, growth mechanism of hollow CNOs by electrochemical synthesis will be understood by coupling electrochemistry to mass spectrometry as well as GC-MS and HPLC-MS methods. In addition, composites will be prepared by filling metals or sulfides into cavities of hollow CNOs, or derivatives will be formed by functionalized with some groups to improve solubility of CNOs in water or organic solvents. Construction of electrocatalytic and sensing interfaces based on the obtained composites will be explored to promote applications of CNOs in electrochemistry. This project explores systematically electrochemical synthesis of CNOs and nanocomposites as well as their applications in construction of electrocatalytic and sensing interfaces, not only which will found a base for synthesis of novel CNOs with specific functions, but also which will provide a basis for choosing suitable carbon nanomaterials to construct electrocatalytic and sensing interfaces. It will have the extremely theoretical significance and the research value.