面向湿法冶金应用的Si基金属间化合物多孔阳极的研究

湿法冶金工业的电解过程广泛采用铅阳极，存在铅污染和高能耗等问题。金属间化合物多孔材料具有良好的抗腐蚀性能和电化学性能。本项目提出Si基金属间化合物多孔阳极的研究，主要内容包括：采用Fe、Si元素粉末的反应合成工艺制备Si基多孔材料，研究合成参数与孔结构的定量关系；研究合金组元M(Ti、Mn、Co、Zr、Nd、Al或Sn等)对Si基多孔材料物相、显微结构和孔结构的影响，揭示合成过程中物相演变和孔隙形成机理；研究Si基多孔材料的抗腐蚀性能和阳极性能；研究Si基金属间化合物/MOx(MnO2、SnO2或Co3O4等)复合材料氧化物的物相特征、复合方式和比例等参数对电化学催化性能的影响；研究Si基多孔阳极在长周期电解过程中的电解性能和电极稳定性。通过项目实施，研制出服役周期大于1000h，电流效率大于90%，高阴极锌品质的Si基金属间化合物多孔阳极。

The anodes of lead alloys and leaded materials have been widely used in the electrolytic process of hydrometallurgical industry. There are problems such as lead pollution and high energy consumption. The porous materials of intermetallic compounds have good corrosion resistance, electrochemical properties and mechanical properties. The research on the porous anode of silicon-based intermetallic compound is proposed in this project. The main investigation content includes: (1) the fabrication process of porous Fe-Si intermetallic compound by a reaction synthesis of Fe and Si elemental powder, (2) the quantitative relationship between the synthesis parameters and pore structure properties, (3) the effect of the alloying component M (Ti, Mn, Co, Zr, Nd, Al or Sn, etc.) on phase composition, microstructure and pore structure of the porous material, (4) the pore formation and evolution mechanism of silicon-based intermetallic compounds in the synthesis process, (5) the effects of phase characteristics, composite method and concentration of the oxides MOx (MnO2, SnO2 or Co3O4, etc.) on the electrochemical catalysis properties of silicon-based intermetallic compound/MOx composite material, and (6) the electrolytic properties and electrode stability of the porous anode of silicon-based intermetallic compound in long period electrolysis. Through the project implementation, a new lead-free porous anode of silicon-based intermetallic compound will be developed with the service cycle more than 1000 h, the current efficiency more than 90% and the cathode zinc quality reaching the international standard.