三维空间视觉返回抑制的认知神经机制

对于人脑如何从二维的视网膜图像中重构出真实世界中三维客体的结构和深度位置的研究已经很成熟。然而，对于空间注意如何在三维空间中不同深度位置之间进行转移的神经机制知之甚少。目前唯一一项关于三维空间中注意转移早期易化的神经机制研究表明，双侧前运动皮层负责特异性地沿深度进行注意转移，而默认网络负责特异性地将注意转移至近处突然出现的客体上。但目前为止，对于三维空间中注意转移的晚期返回抑制的神经机制仍然不清楚。在本项目的16个fMRI实验和16个ERP实验中，使用虚拟现实技术，在磁共振和脑电环境下建构三维视觉世界，将经典空间线索化范式放入三维空间，系统地考察线索化深度以及注意转移方向对不同深度平面返回抑制产生的影响。并在此基础上，进一步将三维空间返回抑制与经典的执行功能范式相结合，考察三维空间返回抑制与执行功能之间的交互作用，从而进一步探讨，三维空间中，注意定向神经网络与执行功能神经网络之的交互作用。

Although it has been well documented that how the human brain reconstructs a three-dimensional (3D) world from two-dimensional (2D) retinal images by extracting 3D structures and depth positions of external objects, it remains poorly understood how visuospatial attention is shifted in depth. Visuospatial orienting of attention is consisted of an earlier facilitatory phase and a later inhibitory phase. To the best of our knowledge, so far in this field, only one study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the earlier facilitatory effect of attentional orienting in 3D: bilateral premotor cortex is specifically involved in reorienting in depth and the default-mode network is specifically involved in reorienting attention to unattended location in near space (Chen et al., 2012, Journal of Neuroscience). However, it remains unknown what are the neural mechanisms underlying the later inhibitory effect of attentional orienting in 3D. In the present 16 fMRI experiments and 16 ERP experiments, by constructing a virtual 3D environment during fMRI and ERP and by presenting targets either close to or far from the participants in an adapted version of the Posner spatial-cuing paradigm, we aim to investigate the cognitive and neural mechanisms of inhibition of return in 3D space. Furthermore, by combining 3D IOR and the typical executive functions (i.e., the Flanker effect), we aimed to investigate the cognitive and neural interaction between the orienting attention network and the executive attention network in 3D space.