利用TEG对柴油机排气低品位余热进行能量回收，在SCR系统尿素水溶液粒子雾化分解不良时对排气系统进行能量补给，实现排气系统能量供求自洽及闭环热管理。基于目标优化法探寻TEG模块热-电能量形式高效转换的参量贡献度及综合影响机制，建立TEG-MPPT-CB储能系统多场耦合模型，揭示储能系统能级梯度分布、能量传递及存储特性；研究SCR系统尿素水溶液热重特性及实时逸出物变化规律，建立尿素水溶液分解理化模型并剖析结晶成因，探索水溶液粒子群在排气中的液-气相变时空特性及与排气的能量传递和互扰效应；研究储能系统能量不间断存储及SCR系统能量间断补给的动态平衡特性，解析TEG-SCR耦合系统能量分布规律和供求自洽机制，实现系统级闭环热管理，为利用柴油机排气余热TEG有效提升SCR系统尿素水溶液分解能力、避免结晶奠定理论基础和科学依据。

Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) is introduced in order to realize energy recovery of engine exhaust low-grade waste heat and boost energy supply for exhaust system when atomization and decomposition of urea aqueous solutions become insufficient in SCR system, realizing energy supply-demand self-consistency and closed-loop for exhaust system. Based on target optimization method, parametric contributions and comprehensive influence mechanism for efficient thermoelectric conversion of TEG modules is explored. Multi-field coupling model of TEG-MPPT-CB energy storage system is established, energy gradient distribution and characteristics of energy transfer and storage in the system is revealed. Thermogravimetric characteristics and change regularity of real-time evolved gas for urea aqueous solutions in SCR system are researched, the physical and chemical model of decomposition for urea aqueous solutions is established and the causes for deposit formation are analyzed. The time-space characteristics of urea aqueous solutions particle swarm in the process of liquid-gas phase transformation, energy transfer and mutual interference effects for particle swarm with exhaust are studied. The characteristics of dynamic equilibrium between continuous energy storage of the energy storage system and intermittent energy supply of the SCR system are researched. Energy distribution rule and mechanism of energy supply-demand self-consistency for the TEG-SCR coupling system are analyzed, realizing its closed-loop thermal management. This research lays a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for improving decomposition capacity of urea aqueous solutions and avoiding the formation of its deposit in the SCR system by TEG initiated by diesel engine exhaust heat.