针对内蒙古自治区农区养殖业和牧区草地畜牧业发展急需开发利用优质、高产、适应性和抗逆性强的饲草新品种的实际问题，把叶量大、品质好、产籽量高的四倍体（2n＝4x＝28）栽培种-老芒麦与抗旱、耐盐碱、抗倒伏的六倍体(2n＝6x＝42)野生种-紫芒披碱草相组配进行种间远缘杂交，成功获得了正、反交种间杂种F1代，并对杂种F1代的形态特征、生长状况、育性、染色体特征等进行比较研究，发现正、反交杂种F1为五倍体（2n=5x=35），其叶片宽大，草质柔软，分蘖性和再生性均很强，杂种平均优势明显，具有重要的育种价值，但杂种花粉可育率仅为0.02%～0.03%，高度不育。本课题拟采用诱导染色体加倍和回交方法克服杂种F1代的不育性，并利用分子细胞遗传学方法对育性恢复后代进行鉴定，创造出育性较高、集合双亲优点的杂种披碱草新种质，为下一步新品种的育成利用奠定基础。

In order to provide new forage grass varieties of high quality, high yield, high adaptability and strong stress resistance for the developing agricultural breeding industry in cropping regions and animal husbandry in pastoral region in Inner Mongolia, distant crossing between Elymus sibiricus and E. purpuraristatus were made and their interspecies hybrid F1 was obtained. One of the parent, E. sibiricus, was a tetraploid（2n＝4x＝28）cultivated specie and had large amont of leaves, good quality and high yield, and the other parent, was a hexaploid (2n＝6x＝42) wild species and had high resistance to saline, drought and lodging. the morphological characteristics, growth conditions, fertility, chromosome number of the reciprocal crosse interspecies hybrids (F1) were determined. The results showed that the reciprocal crosse interspecies hybrids (F1) were pentaploid (2n=5x=35), and showd obvious heterosis with large and softer leaves, strong tillering and regeneration ability. The hybrids(F1) had great value for breeding, but they were highly sterile (pollen fertile rate was only 0.02% ~ 0.03%). in this subject, we are planning to restore the sterility of hybrids F1 by induced chromosome doubling techniques, to identify the fertile offsprings with molecular cytogenetics method, and to create new E. dahuricus germplasm with higher fertility and biparental advantages. This project is to lay the foundation for the new breeding germplasm.