竖井排水固结法广泛用于软黏土地基处理，但目前的竖井地基固结理论不能同时考虑软黏土自身固结特性，如黏土中的非达西渗流、非线性压缩与渗透、大应变及变井阻效应等。项目紧密结合软黏土试样的室内渗透固结试验，剖析软黏土中的非达西渗流现象及非线性固结特性，建立非达西渗流下软黏土渗透、压缩特性与孔隙比间的非线性关系。依据单井模型试验测试竖井不同深度处通水量随时间变化，建立井阻在固结中的时空演变规律。在此基础上，建立考虑非达西渗流和变井阻的竖井地基大应变非线性固结模型并给出解答。现场实测高速公路竖井地基不同点处的荷载、沉降变形与时间关系曲线，将实测结果与固结解结果对比以验证固结理论的可靠性。应用建立的软黏土竖井地基大应变非线性固结理论，建立复杂条件下软黏土竖井地基变形评价方法。项目成果可极大地丰富和发展软黏土竖井地基固结理论，同时也为公路、机场等大型基础设施建设工程中的软黏土地基变形计算提供理论支撑。

The method of drainage consolidation by vertical drain wells is widely adopted to treat soft clays, however, the non-Darcian flow law in soft clays, varied well resistance effects, the characteristics of nonlinear consolidation and large-strain consolidation cannot be simultaneously considered in the consolidation theory of soft clays with vertical drain wells. Combining with the consolidation permeability test of soft clays, non-Darcian flow in soft clays and the characteristics of nonlinear compression and permeability are analyzed, and the relationship between void ratios and the compression and permeability of soft clays are developed. The variation of the discharge capacity of vertical drain wells are measured by using single drain well model test in the process of consolidation, and the spatial and temporal variations of varied well resistance effects are also developed. The theory of large strain nonlinear consolidation of soft clays by vertical drain wells with consideration of the non-Darcian flow and varied well resistance is developed, and the solutions for this consolidation model are also deprived. The curves of settlement versus time at different points of highway are compared with the curve of deprived consolidation theory to verify the reliability of consolidation theory. Based on the developed theory of Large-strain consolidation, the evaluation methods of settlement of soft clays by vertical drains are established under complex conditions. The research findings of the project have a positive effect on the development of the consolidation theory of soft clays with vertical drains, and also provide a more comprehensive theoretical support for the calculation of settlement in large infrastructure construction projects such as highways, airports.