新奇人工自旋轨道耦合模型的量子特性研究

人工自旋轨道耦合自2011年首次实验实现以来引起了冷原子领域的广泛关注，这是因为人工耦合的超冷量子气体可以展现出电子等带电粒子在外场中运动时所具备的规范特性，因而在量子模拟拓扑超导体、拓扑绝缘体等凝聚态材料中有重要的研究价值。本项目拟在高维、高自旋的旋量气体以及旋量混合物中探索几种新奇的自旋轨道模型。首先计划利用平均场的处理方法研究自旋张量与轨道角动量耦合模型，讨论系统的基态特性，并在超越平均场框架下探索新奇的集体激发特性。此外，本项目将自旋轨道耦合的研究扩展至两种旋量气体的混合物之中，依此提出不同于拉曼光耦合的全新自旋轨道耦合诱导方案。结合近期高维、光晶格中自旋轨道耦合的实验进展，我们希望本项目为实验提供更多的理论方案，并解决传统拉曼光耦合方案所面临的原子加热等问题。

Spin-orbit coupled quantum gases as promising platforms to quantum simulate such novel phenomena of condensed matter physics as topological superconductors and insulators have drawn great attention in recent years. We explore several novel spin-orbit coupling models in high-spin, high-dimensional spinor quantum gases and even spinor mixtures. We plan to investigate mean-field ground-state properties of the system with spin-tensor and orbit angular momentum coupling, and further explore the collective excitation properties beyond mean-field framework. Moreover, we generalize the concepts of spin-orbit coupling into spinor superfluid mixtures, where a new experimental scenario in inducing synthetic couplings can be proposed. With the recent experimental achievements in high dimensional couplings in optical trap or optical lattice systems, we hope our research is helpful to provide more feasible experimental schemes in realizing various novel coupling models, and at the same time to circumvent some tricky technical problems such as optical heating and etc.