为了适应环境，人们会评估之前行为的结果，从中总结经验、吸取教训，来优化以后行为，这个过程就是反馈学习（feedback learning）。行为主义学习理论关注如何利用反馈习得知识和技能（例如强化/惩罚），但只关心刺激-反应之间的联接函数，而忽略其内部机制。加之当时研究技术的限制，反馈学习背后的黑箱一直没有打开。本项目计划结合行为实验和脑电技术，研究反馈学习的认知机制与神经机制。具体包括：1）用行为实验研究"任务可习得性"、"反馈信息准确性"两因素对学习过程的影响，为反馈学习研究建立理想范式；2）用脑电方法，研究反馈相关脑电成分（fERN, P3）与行为调整的相关性，揭示能反映反馈学习过程的脑电成分；3）研究学习能力（包括智力因素-智商，非智力因素-信念）对学习过程以及相应ERP成分的调节，探索学习相关ERP成分甄别学习能力的价值。

Human needs to evaluate the outcome of their behavior to adjust errors and maintain appropriate behavior in future, which process is called Feedback Learning in this project. Behaviorism theories usually emphasize the important role of feedback in knowledge learning and skill trainning, however, they only care about the connection between Stimulus-Response (S-R) but not the underlying mechanisms of S-R. In addition to the technology limination of that time, the black box behind the feedback learning is still unclear. In order to reveal the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms of feedback learning, we propose this project, in which we will: 1) study how will the "learnability" and "feedback accuracy" affect learning process by using behavioral experiments, to develop the appropriate paradigm for feedback learning study; 2) study the relationship between feedback processing potentials (fERN and P3) and subsequent behavioral adjustments, to reveal the learning-related component(s); 3) and study how learning ability, both intelligence (IQ) and non-intelligence (belief) factors, modulate learning process and the corresponding ERP effect, to explore whether the learning-related component(s) could distinguish our learning ability or not.