超分辨成像是现代科学非常重要的一个研究方向。对于两个邻近的非相干点光源，传统的成像方法会有其相应的可分辨极限，这一极限由瑞利判据所给出。传统的成像技术是在像平面上测量光场强度在不同位置的分布，这种测量方法会不可避免地丢失光场的相位信息。借助量子参数估计理论，最近的研究表明瑞利判据只适用于传统的光强测量手段，光学成像分辨率的量子极限本身并不会像瑞利判据那样强烈限制我们对于小间距非相干光源的定位测量。换言之，我们可以通过优化测量方案来获得待测光场尽可能多的量子信息，从而提升对于两个非相干点光源间距的测量精度。本项目拟在实验上通过基于平衡零拍探测的空间模式复用技术研究得到对于测量两个非相干点光源间距的基本量子极限和相应的优化量子测量方案。此外，我们还将研究不同的实验条件对测量精度带来的影响。

Super-resolution imaging is an important research area in the contemporary science. For two adjacent point-like incoherent light sources, there exists a resolution limit, given by the Rayleigh’s criterion, for the traditional imaging method, which measures the intensity distribution of the optical field in the image plane instead of measuring the phase information. With the help of the parameter estimation theory, it has been found that the imaging resolution limit under the Rayleigh’s criterion is only suitable for the traditional imaging method. Unlike the Rayleigh’s criterion, the quantum limit of the optical resolution itself will not limit the measurement of the distance between two adjacent point-like incoherent light sources. On other words, we can optimize the measurement scheme to obtain the quantum information of the optical fields to be measured as far as possible. In this way, the measurement precision for the distance between two incoherent point-like sources can be improved. In this project, we plan to use the spatial-mode demultiplexing technique based on the homodyne detection to experimentally study the fundamental quantum limits for locating two point-like incoherent light sources and its corresponding optimal quantum measuring scheme. In addition, we also aim to consider the effect of different experimental factors on the resolution limit.