远缘种质创制与测序技术结合发掘和定位簇毛麦染色体4VS上的重要功能基因

小麦近缘种属蕴藏丰富基因资源，发掘其有用基因并将其导入普通小麦，是拓宽小麦遗传基础、推进小麦育种取得突破进展的有效途径。将远缘新种质创制和测序技术相结合，既可高通量开发外源染色体特异分子标记，又可高效挖掘和定位外源染色体上重要功能基因。本项目前期研究中,已创制涉及簇毛麦4VS染色体的异附加系、易位系等一批种质，并发现4VS上携带抗小麦黄花叶病基因Wss1，但4VS染色体还有哪些重要基因及其功能尚未可知。本研究将综合利用电离辐射技术和ph1b突变体，高效诱导更多更丰富的4VS染色体的易位、渐渗，构建4VS染色体结构变异体库；利用流式细胞和二代测序技术获得4VS基因组序列，高通量开发4VS专化的特异分子标记,明确结构变异体的染色体组成；综合分析创制的4VS结构变异体的表型组分析数据和分子标记定位信息，实现对4VS优异基因的物理定位。本研究的研究思路和方法为其他易位系的研究和利用提供参考。

The wild relatives of cultivated wheat represent a rich pool of genetic variation that has great potential for wheat improvement. These species exhibit huge diversity in phenotype and adaptation to a wide range of environments, desirable traits such as resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The transfer of useful genes from wild species through wide hybridization and the development of alien chromosome lines will enrich the genetic diversity of crop breeding. Alien chromosome specific molecular markers will be high throughput developed and alien useful genes will be high efficiently explored and mapped by generating wheat-alien chromosome lines and alien genome sequences. In our previous research, wheat-H.villosa disomic substitution line DS4V(4D) and T4VS•4DL whole arm translocation line have been developed. A WYMV resistance gene, Wss1, has been located on the short arm of 4V chromosome of Haynaldia villosa using these wheat-alien chromosome lines. However, little is known for other functional genes responsible for importantly agronomic traits. In this proposal, many chromosome structural aberrants involving different region of chromosome 4VS will be induced through a combination of technique of both homoeologous chromosome pairing system (ph1b gene mutant) and ionizing-irradiation. These lines will be used for constructing the pool of 4VS chromosome structural aberrants. The telosomic 4VS addition line was used for flow sorting and followed by next generation sequencing. The available 4VS genome sequences have been used for the Genome Zipper analysis and development of alien chromosome 4VS specific molecular markers. These lines will be characterized for their chromosome constitution based on the determination of the breakpoints of the translocation chromosomes by marker analysis. The useful genes from 4VS chromosome were further physical mapped to a specific chromosome region by marker analysis. The research will provide reference for the study and utilization of other chromosome translocation lines.