滴灌、喷灌和漫灌生产方式对农田土壤NH3排放的影响规律及其内在机制

Environmental pollution caused by elevated atmospheric ammonia(NH3) is a global environmental problem facing human society. Soil has great potential for mitigating atmospheric NH3 emissions. China's air pollution prevention law clearly put forward the transformation of agricultural production mode to control agricultural NH3 emissions. In this study, the three characteristics of different irrigation mode of production " 1.The large amount of flood irrigation, rapid infiltration rate, low utilization rate. 2.The slow soil water flow rate of sprinkler irrigation and the high water use efficiency. 3. Drip irrigation is aimed at the root of the crop, and has higher water-saving effect than Other irrigation methods. The research object is potato field of flood irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation on the Yongji of Hetao irrigation area, Inner Mongolia, China. The NH3 emission fluxes and the processes of soil carbon and nitrogen were measured by ventilation method and 15N isotope tracer techniques. Project will be completed, 1. The dynamic characteristics and intensity of soil NH3 emission were revealed in different irrigation modes, and the potential of NH3 emission was reducted on change of irrigation production mode. 2. The processes of carbon and nitrogen was clarified in different irrigation modes, and the changes of soil quality and NH3 emissions were driven by soil mechanisms. 3. The intrinsic mechanism of soil NH3 emission was elucidated by different irrigation methods, and the win-win agricultural production system was built, that was conducive to the realization of NH3 emission reduction and sustainable agriculture. The research results will provide the environmental effect evaluation data for the production and promotion of high efficient water saving irrigation, and provide data support and scientific basis for the formulation of agricultural NH3 emission reduction strategies.

大气NH3浓度升高导致环境污染是全球环境问题。土壤对减缓大气NH3排放具有较大潜力，我国《大气污染防治法》明确提出转变农业生产方式控制农业NH3排放。本研究针对不同灌溉生产方式“漫灌生产灌水量大、水分下渗速率快、利用率低，喷灌土壤孔隙水流速慢、水分利用率高，滴灌属于局部灌溉、节水效果更高”三大特点,以引黄灌区永济灌域漫灌、喷灌和滴灌马铃薯田为对象，采用通气法和15N同位素示踪观测NH3排放通量和土壤碳氮过程，完成:(1)揭示不同灌溉生产方式土壤NH3排放动态特征和强度，以及转变灌溉生产方式对NH3减排潜力;(2)明确不同灌溉生产方式土壤碳氮过程及其驱动土壤质量变化和NH3排放机制;(3)揭示不同灌溉生产方式减缓土壤NH3排放的内在机制，构建利于实现NH3减排和农业可持续双赢的农业生产体系。研究结果将为高效节水灌溉生产推广提供环境效应评价数据，为制定农业NH3减排策略提供数据支撑和科学依据。

本研究针对不同灌溉生产方式“漫灌生产灌水量大、水分下渗速率快、利用率低，喷灌土壤孔隙水流速慢、水分利用率高，滴灌属于局部灌溉、节水效果更高”三大特点,以沟灌、喷灌和滴灌马铃薯田为对象，采用通气法原位观测NH3排放通量和土壤碳氮过程，揭示不同灌溉生产方式土壤NH3排放动态特征和强度，以及转变灌溉生产方式对NH3减排潜力。喷灌有效降低NH3排放峰值，土壤NH3累积排放量比沟灌减少50.85%。滴灌水肥一体化技术降低马铃薯田土壤NH3排放损失率，减轻NH3排放强度，2018和2019年，沟灌FDF(沟灌施肥500 kg N/hm2)处理土壤NH3排放损失率分别是滴灌DDF(滴灌施肥500 kg N/hm2)处理的1.76倍和11.89倍；沟灌FGF(沟灌施肥1000 kg N/hm2)处理分别是滴灌DGF(滴灌施肥1000 kg N/hm2)的2.60倍和8.54倍。明确不同灌溉生产方式土壤碳氮过程及其驱动土壤质量变化。滴灌施肥灌溉有效减少土壤氮素淋溶量，2018和2019年相同施氮量下滴灌土壤在40 cm和80 cm深度比沟灌减少氮素淋溶量36.95%-63.10%和54.93%-87.92%。喷灌施肥灌溉0-120 cm土深氮截留量平均为72.27 kg/hm2，传统沟灌是喷灌施肥灌溉土壤的3.57倍。构建喷滴灌施肥灌溉生产方式是利于实现NH3减排和农业可持续双赢的农业生产体系。研究结果为高效节水灌溉生产推广提供环境效应评价数据，为制定农业NH3减排策略提供数据支撑和科学依据。发表学术论文5篇，出版学术专著1部，授权国家专利2件，其中学术论文，SCI收录1篇，EI收录3篇，CSCD收录1篇；培养硕士生5名，一篇硕士毕业论文获得内蒙古师范大学优秀硕士毕业论文；培养呼和浩特市碳达峰碳中和智库专家1名。

内容获取失败，请点击重试