樟巢螟识别两类性信息素组分的嗅觉基因的功能鉴定及进化分析

蛾类昆虫性信息素组分依据化学结构主要分I类、II类及其他，绝大多数种类的雌蛾只释放其中一类组分，但樟巢螟等少数螟蛾类昆虫同时释放I类和II类组分，这些少数种类的雄蛾对性信息素的感受机制有何特点？其嗅觉相关基因发生了哪些适应性进化？本项目拟在对樟巢螟前期研究基础上，主要针对PBP和PR两类关键嗅觉基因，首先通过触角转录组分析、基因的组织和性别差异表达及聚类分析，初步筛选两类性信息素的嗅觉基因；其次通过体外（PBP：配体结合实验；PR：蛙卵表达-双极电压钳记录系统）及活体（CRISPR/Cas9技术）功能分析，明确两类性信息素组分的嗅觉基因及其协同作用；最后通过进化分析及蛋白结构比较，探讨两类嗅觉基因的进化关系和蛋白间的结构差异及关键功能域，深入揭示兼具I类和II类性信息素昆虫的嗅觉特异机制。研究成果有助于深入理解蛾类信息素通讯多样性的分子机制，并为开发基于嗅觉基因的害虫行为调控技术提供指导。

In the Lepidoptera, sex pheromone components can be categorized into Type I, Type II and others according to their chemical structures. For most species, the blend components of sex pheromone usually belong to only one general structural classes. However, recent studies have revealed that some Pyraloidea species, include Orthaga achatina, use a combination of Type I and Type II pheromone components. What are the characteristics of the olfactory mechanisms of these special species? What adaptive evolution has happened to its olfactory genes? Based on the previous study, this project focuses on PBP and OR genes of O. achatina. Firstly, the related olfactory genes are screened out by antennae transcriptome analysis, the tissue and gender distribution and cluster analysis. Secondly, to reveal the relevant olfactory genes and their synergistic effects, the functional analyses both in vitro and vivo are conducted (PBP: Ligand binding experiment; OR: Xenopus oocytes and 2-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiological). Finally, in order to explore the evolutionary relationship and the key functional domains between the two types olfactory genes, evolutionary analysis and protein structure comparison were performed, which will contribute to better understand the olfactory mechanism of insects with the blend sex pheromone components. The results are helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of the diversity of moth pheromone communication, and it also provides guidance for the development of pest behavior control technology based on olfactory genes.