线粒体是细胞氧耗的主要位点，是一个细胞氧易感性和适应的自然选择者，线粒体结构和功能的改变是动物习服低氧环境的一个重要机制。线粒体是一种相对独立的细胞器，易于高度纯化以用于蛋白阵列，且线粒体蛋白与细胞总蛋白相比数量有限，是进行蛋白质组研究的理想对象。由于高原地理环境的封闭性，牦牛的遗传学特性可以很好地保存下来，我们推测，牦牛线粒体对于低氧环境的适应性改变可能通过自然选择作用固定下来，并由此获得较犏牛更好的对低氧环境的适应能力。因此，本项目拟以牦牛和犏牛为研究对象，建立两者骨骼肌线粒体的蛋白质谱，质谱鉴定并分析其组成成分的差异，从线粒体蛋白的水平揭示牦牛高原低氧适应机制，为我们深入研究牦牛高原低氧适应的分子遗传机制、更深入了解线粒体功能及其调控提供新的线索。高原低氧适应机制的研究不仅对于认识牦牛高原低氧适应的规律有重要的理论意义，而且对于降低因习服不良而导致人类高原病的发生机率具有指导意义。

Mitochondrion is the main site of cell oxygen consumption and a natural selector of a cell oxygen susceptibility and adaptability, so the changes in mitochondrial structure and function are an important mechanism of animal acclimatization to hypoxic environment. Mitochondria is a relatively independent organelle. It is easy to be highly purified for protein array and has a limited number compared with total cellular protein, therefore it is a ideal object for proteome research. The genetics characteristics of yak can be well preserved because of closed plateau geographical environment. We hypothesized that the hypoxia environment adaptability changes of yak might be fixed by natural selection, and thus yak could obtain a better adaptability to hypoxia environment than dzo. Therefore, yak and dzo will be selected as the research object in this project and we will establish the protein mass spectrometry of mitochondria in the skeletal muscle of them. The difference in composition will be obtained by identification and analysis of mass spectrometry.It will reveal the plateau hypoxia adaptation mechanism of yak from the mitochondrial protein level. It will provide new clues for in-depth study on molecular genetic mechanisms of adaptation to plateau hypoxia of yak and for understanding of mitochondrial function and its regulation. The study on plateau hypoxia adaptation mechanism not only has important theoretical significance for understanding the yak plateau hypoxia adaptation rules, but also has guiding significance for reducing occurrence probability of human plateau sickness caused by adverse acclimatization.