海豚能够运用复杂的回声定位系统在强噪声环境下进行目标探测。海豚卓越的生物声纳性能使其研究成为海洋声学领域的前沿课题。海豚探测目标是个动态过程，与目标物理特性紧密联系。然而，现有实验和理论研究均未考虑海豚在目标探测过程中声波束指向性的动态变化。本课题采用数学建模和实验测量相结合的研究策略。对宽吻海豚在探测目标中的声波束指向性变化及对不同目标属性（尺寸、形状、材料）的回声谱响应开展深入实验研究。在此基础上，结合计算机断层扫描技术，重建宽吻海豚头部的三维数字结构并提出模拟海豚目标探测的声学模型。深入研究海豚声波束的动态调节规律以及目标对海豚定位声的后向声散射效应。本课题旨在阐明海豚目标探测的声指向性动态调控机制，为现有海豚定位声波束研究提供新思路，对发展基于海豚回声定位理论和方法的水下声探测具有重要意义和潜在应用价值。

Dolphins could use complicated echolocation systems to detect targets under noise environment. Excellent properties of their bio-sonar systems have made their study one of the cutting-edge topics. Dolphin’s detection process is dynamical, closely related to the physical properties of targets. However, current theoretical and experimental studies have not considered the dynamic changes of bio-sonar beam directivity during their echolocation. In this proposal, the mathematical modeling and experimental measurements will be both employed to investigate the changes of sound beam directivity and the echolocation spectrum responses to the size, shape, and material of the targets. On the basis of experimental results, CT scanning will be applied to reconstruct three dimension structure of dolphin's head and the acoustic models will be built to describe the regulations of beam directivity and investigate the back scattering effect of dolphin echolocation sounds. This project aims at providing a new idea for the dynamic control mechanism of the dolphin’s target detection, which would be valuable for understanding dolphin’s echolocation and providing important references to underwater acoustic detection.