改革开放以来，中国地区差异问题一直是关系经济社会可持续发展的关键性问题，当前中国地区发展，绝对差距有加剧之势，而且这种差距也是多维的，财税、经济和社会发展失衡现象都十分明显。2012 年的政府工作报告中明确提到要"进一步提高区域发展的协调性和基本公共服务均等化水平"。在缩小地区差距方面，应充分考虑发挥财税政策的作用，特别是财政转移支付制度。当前转移支付由于种种原因，缩小地区差距的效果不尽人意。 针对地区差距和转移支付，本项目以多维度多层级数据为基础，科学测度我国地区差距，研究财政转移支付与地区差距的相互关系和作用机制，利用奥斯特罗姆制度分析与发展框架对中国转移支付制度现状和均等化作用进行分析和评价，从而提出转移支付制度改革政策建议，为政府改革提供具体的、具有可操作性的改革方案，通过制度创新推动我国财政地区均等化，进而推进基本公共服务均等化。

Since the reform and opening up, regional disparities have been key issue for sustainable economic and social development in China. This multidimensional imbalance tend to obviously intensified both in taxation, economic and social development. The Report On Government Work in 2012 explicit set objective of 'better coordinate development among regions and make delivery of basic public services more equitable'. Fiscal policies, especially fiscal transfer, were the most effective measures in narrowing the gap between regionals. Due to various reasons, the current effect of transfer payments system of China in reducing regional disparities was not desirable. Our research project will mainly focus on regional disparities and transfer system, including comprehensively and accurately measure regional disparities in China based on multi-dimensional and multi-level data, as well as analyze the inter-relationships and influential mechanism between fiscal transfers and regional disparities. Moreover, we will use Institutional Analysis and Development(IAD) Framework raised by Ostrom to study and evaluate status quo of Chinese transfer payment system and its equalization effects, and recommend government with specific and feasible proposal which will contribute to the reform of transfer system, promote fiscal equalization and provide equitable basic public services in China through institutional innovations.