基于机器学习名老中医诊治肺癌认知模型构建研究

认知模型是基于认知心理学理论，反映人类思维机制和认知过程的计算机模型，能从隐性经验中获得可学习的知识，在名老中医传承研究中具有基础性、战略性地位，但其构建方法仍有一些基础性和关键性问题亟待解决。本研究是为解决名老中医传承知识固化、关系描述、认知要素提取、认知风格分析等问题而提出的模型构建方法研究。研究以朴炳奎诊治肺癌大样本医案数据为切入点，借助WEKA机器学习软件，通过监督学习（贝叶斯网络、支持向量机）和无监督学习（聚类分析、关联规则）方法，以“条件概率”等量化结果表示出中医“病-证-症-法-方-药”整体思维在各自网络关系中贡献度，构建朴炳奎诊治肺癌核心学术思想、扶正培本治则、辨病、辨证、立法、处方、用药经验等具体认知模型，并引入测试集评价、主观评价对认知模型开展仿真应用与优化研究。以期探索中医“经验”向“知识”转化途径和方法，为开发肿瘤防治名老中医临床决策系统提供基础。

Cognitive model is a computer model based on the theory of cognitive psychology, which can reflect the thinking mechanisms and cognitive processes of human beings. These kind of model can acquire learned knowledge from recessive experience. This study has a fundamental and strategic role in the experience inheritance of the famous veteran doctors of TCM research, but there are some basic construction methods and key issues to be solved. The research proposes cognitive model construction methods and focuses on how to solve the problems of knowledge immobilization, relationship description, cognitive elements extraction, cognitive style analysis. The large sample medical cases of lung cancer which diagnosis and treatment by doctor Bingkui Piao is selected as the starting point of the study. We choose the supervised learning (Bayesian networks, support vector machine) and unsupervised learning (clustering analysis, association rules) methods with the WEKA software of machine learning to describe the condition probability as quantitative results from experience and academic thinking of Bingkui Piao. It can describe the contribution in the respective network of disease, syndrome, disease, therapeutics, prescription and herbs in holistic thinking of TCM. We build the specific cognitive models of doctor Bingkui Piao academic thinking, treatment principles of supporting vital-qi and clinical experience on diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. This study also introduce the test set evaluation and subjective evaluation to carry out the simulation and optimization applied Research. Our study helps to explore the way and method of TCM 'experience' into 'knowledge', and provide the foundation for the clinical decision-making system of cancer.