无灰煤系各向同性沥青及其碳纤维中氧形态的演变和影响机制研究

低成本高性能碳纤维的开发已成为拓展碳纤维应用领域的关键环节，各向同性沥青基碳纤维在实现其低成本方面具有很强的优势。然而，缺乏具有高软化点、良好纺丝性能的各向同性沥青前躯体以及对沥青熔融纺丝工艺、纤维预氧化、碳化工艺的认识局限性仍旧是造成各向同性沥青基碳纤维强度低下的主要原因。本项目拟以廉价的无灰煤为原材料，采用溶剂分离和薄层蒸发的方法制备可纺丝的各向同性沥青，进而生产其碳纤维。在此基础上，以不同等级煤来源的无灰煤中氧形态的差异为切入点，深入探究无灰煤系各向同性沥青及其碳纤维中氧形态的演变和影响机制，并建立无灰煤系各向同性沥青基碳纤维微观结构与力学性能的关联性。从而归纳无灰煤系各向同性沥青基碳纤维制备与性能的调控机制，揭示以无灰煤为原料制备低成本高强度各向同性沥青基碳纤维的理论基础和技术优势。

Development of low-cost carbon fibers with high performance has become a key route for their widespread applications. Isotropic pitch-based carbon fibers (IPCF) have been excepted due to their low price. However, it is still a big problem of IPCF with low tensile strength due to lack of high softening point isotropic pitch precursor with excellent spinnability, and understanding limitation of spinning, stabilization and carbonization processes. In this project, the isotropic pitches will be prepared using Hyper coal (HPC) as a raw material through the solvent extraction and thin layer evaporation methods, then produced their carbon fibers. The evolution and influence mechanism of oxygen compositions of HPC-derived isotropic pitches and their carbon fibers will be deeply investigated based on the oxygen differences of HPCs from different coal ranks. Moreover, the relationship of structural morphology and mechanical properties of HPC-derived IPCF could be established. Consequently, the regulative mechanism on preparation and properties of HPC-derived IPCF will be developed, which will provide theoretical foundation and technical guidance for preparing low-cost IPCF with high tensile strength using the HPC as a raw material.