观测和理论都预示了Blazar天体是活动星系核中最具特色的一个次型之一。它丰富多彩的观测现象和极端的物理特性，反映了其十分复杂的结构和物理过程。Blazar天体的结构、演化、中心黑洞质量、能源辐射机制等问题对近代物理学提出了挑战。本项目计划充分利用中小望远镜的可观测时间, 通过CCD测光和卡焦光谱观测，获取一些特殊的Blazar天体的长期观测资料，并收集相应的多波段观测数据，观测和理论相结合, 系统地研究这些天体的各种时标的光变特性和内禀辐射机制，深入探讨Blazar 天体的质光关系、复合谱指数的性质，Blazar天体中心核结构和演化、星系级黑洞/双黑洞的质量和辐射区。从短时标和长期的光变特性出发，从理论上研究Blazar黑洞的吸积与喷流的性质，辐射与光变的起源，吸积与喷流的关系, 从而探索Blazar的中心发动机。

Blazars are a special class of active galactic nuclei (AGN). The multi-waveband observational results and extreme physical properties suggest a complex central structure and physical process. The modern physical theory are challenged by the Blazar phenomena that contains the central structure, evolution sequence, mass of the central black hole, and radiation mechanisms etc. In this proposal, we plan to make full use of the available observation time of small telescopes. Through long-time optical photometric and spectrophotometric observations and multi-wavelength simultaneous observations of typical Blazars, we investigate the most important feature of Blazars, that is, the short-timescale and long-term variability. Based on the obtained data and analysis of variability, we study radiation mechanisms in Blazars, model the relations between central mass and luminosity, composite spectra index, explore the central structure and evolution of Blazars. Our aim is to systematically study the central engine of Blazars, including the black hole mass, the accretion process, the radiations from jets and accretion flows.