聚变堆第一壁纳米流体超汽化协同强化换热机理研究

聚变堆第一壁(FW)不仅需要承载正常运行条件下面向高温等离子体辐射的高热流(~30MW/m2)、高能中子辐照损伤、逃逸电子等的轰击和中子沉积在结构上的核热等载荷，还会受到等离子体破裂、垂直位移及边界局域模等瞬态高热载荷冲击。本项目在国际上首次提出采用纳米流体与超汽化结构协同强化换热冷却FW的新方法，即在FW流道面向等离子体壁内侧面制作超汽化结构，选择三氧化二铝纳米流体作为冷却剂，协同强化换热来提高FW换热能力和临界热流。改进压力水回路，制作矩形和手指形超汽化样件，运用激光诱导荧光、高速微距摄影、粒子示踪测速和声波传感器等测量手段，以ITER堆内部件冷却条件为参考，开展纳米流体超汽化协同强化换热实验，发展新的泡核沸腾数值模型与方法，优化纳米流体特性、流动条件和超汽化结构，获得与纯水相比时协同强化换热效果和临界热流提高程度，探究协同强化换热机理和规律，为聚变堆FW冷却设计与研发提供新方法。

The first wall (FW) of fusion reactor bears not only the loads under normal operating condition like high power density heat flux(~30MW/m2) from plasma, irradiation damage by high energy neutron, runaway electron at relativistic velocity and other high energy particle bombardment, and nuclear heat from neutron deposition on the structure, but also the transient high heat loads on conditions like plasma disruption, vertical displacement event, and edge localized modes (ELMs). Therefore, heat loads on the structure in service are first considered in the FW design and research, and the solution to this challenging problem becomes increasingly important with the development of ITER into the engineering.manufacturing phase and the future fusion reactor. In the world, a new method of coordination heat transfer enhancement using hypervapotron with nanofluids is first put forward by this project. The heat transfer enhancement and critical heat flux increase of FW are chieved by using coordination heat transfer enhancement, which the hypervapotron strucrt at flow channel inside wall surface of facing plasma FW is made and the aluminum oxide nanofluid is selected as coolant. The pressure water loop will be imporved and the hypervapotron samples of rectangle shape and finger shape will be made. The planar laser induced fluorescence, high speed photography, particle image velocimetry and sonic sensor will be used as measurement methods. Experimental study of coordination heat transfer enhancement using hypervapotron with nanofluids will be launched on conditions of ITER components cooling. The subcooled flow boiling model and methods will be developed, and the hypervapotron strucrt, nanofluids properties and flow conditions will be optimized. The effects of coordination heat transfer enhancement and critical heat flux increase using hypervapotron with nanofluids are compared with deionized water hypervapotron. The coordination heat transfer enhancement mechanism and law sre dissussed. A new cooling method is presented for the design and research for the FW of fusion reactor.