冷原子量子态的操控是量子光学与量子信息研究的前沿。原子的捕获及其量子态的操控对于物理量的精密测量和量子信息科学具有重要的意义。随着超快激光技术的进步，实验中已经实现了单周期和亚周期的超短脉冲，这类脉冲具有特殊的物理性质。本项目主要研究单周期与亚周期激光脉冲的基本特性及其与冷原子的相互作用。基于光与原子相互作用的半经典与量子理论，从理论和实验两个方面研究单周期脉冲与冷原子相互作用过程中的布居数转移、捕获与排斥力以及脉冲的特殊传输规律。主要研究内容包括：单周期微波脉冲、激光脉冲与原子相互作用过程中的布居数转移规律，利用单周期脉冲实现冷原子量子态的快速制备；单周期脉冲与原子之间的相互作用力，及其对原子束的捕获与驱散效应，单周期脉冲的光场力对单个原子的操控；单周期脉冲在冷原子介质传播过程中的时空演化特性等。

The manipulation of quantum states of cold atom is the frontier of quantum optics and quantum information research. The capture of cold atoms and the manipulation of quantum state of cold atom have a great significance in the quantum information research and precision measurement of physical quantities. With the rapid progress of ultrafast laser technology, the single-cycle and sub-cycle pulses have been produced in the laboratory. This kind of pulse has special physical properties. The aim of this project is to study the basic characteristics of the single-cycle and sub-cycle pulses, the interactions of the single-cycle and sub-cycle pulses with cold atoms. Based on the semi-classical and quantum theory of the interaction between light and matter, the population transfer, the capture and repulsion force and the transmission of pulse during the interaction of the single-cycle pulse with cold atom will be investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The main research contents include: the population transfer in the process of interaction between single-cycle microwave or laser pulse with atoms, the fast preparation of quantum state of cold atom by using single-cycle pulse, the light force on atoms produced by the single-cycle laser pulse, the capture and disperse effect of atoms by the single-cycle laser pulse, the manipulation of single atom by the light force of single-cycle pulse, the spatial temporal evolution characteristics of the single-cycle pulse in the cold atom medium, etc.