基于量子效应的土壤金属离子吸附选择性

发生于黏土矿物表面的离子交换过程是一个非常重要的过程。目前关于静电吸附动力学的研究中，仅仅考虑了离子电荷的多少和水化半径的大小；同时在离子交换平衡模型中也未考虑离子水化半径的影响，因而只能对离子存在交换吸附选择性作出笼统解释。但新的研究表明，离子交换过程中呈现选择性的根本原因不是阳离子的水化半径的不同，而是离子外层电子云构象不同造成的。因而，研究离子存在吸附选择性的本质原因，经典理论的解释似乎并不完善。因此，本研究将采用离子交换/吸附动力学方法，研究金属离子的吸附选择性，阐明基于量子效应的交换吸附选择系数及选择系数与土壤电场之间耦合效应的定量关系，明确影响离子交换存在选择性的本质原因，从而初步建立起基于量子效应的土壤离子交换吸附平衡新理论。

Ion exchange that occurs on charged clay mineral surface is an important process in soil science.Currently, In a given cation exchange system with known electrostatic field strength, there are two factors that influence the electrostatic adsorption: the charge number of a cation species and the hydration radius of the cation species；At the same time, the hydration effect of cation species on cation exchange is not considered in any existing exchange equilibrium models, thus, the explanations for the selectivity of ion exchange adsorption are myriad. But, recent studied have shown that the basic reason of selectivity of ion exchange adsorption is not the cation hydration radius of the ion, but as a result of the different ion outer electron cloud structure. Thus, the classical theory does not seem to imperfect. Therefore, this study will adopt ion exchange / adsorption kinetics methods to study the adsorption selectivity of metal ions, and in the aim of clarifying the influence of quantum effect on selectivity cofficient and its quantitive relationship with soil electrostatic, discovering the foundermental reason of selectivity and estabishing a new theory for ion exchange/adsorption in soil.