短链烷基苯系物（C0-C4烷基苯）是原油和烃源岩抽提物的重要组分，蕴含丰富的地球化学信息，具有较高的实用价值，尤其对高、过成熟地质样品具有特殊意义。但目前仍未被足够重视，存在来源和形成机制不清、演化特征不明等问题。前期工作中，在I型干酪根热解产物中发现了一些具有应用潜力的、新的短链烷基苯系物参数，但还需要对不同类型干酪根开展研究，并结合实际地质样品考察其适用性。采用模拟实验、产物定量、全二维色谱、单体碳、氢同位素等分析技术，在理论上理清干酪根和原油中短链烷基苯系物的来源、形成机制、演化特征和主控因素。结合对我国不同盆地不同成因原油的分析，建立具有实用价值的、可用于判别原油生源输入、沉积环境、成熟演化及次生蚀变特征的新的、有效的短链烷基苯系物参数或图版。这对深层-超深层高、过成熟烃源岩、轻质油、凝析油等缺少生物标志物的地质样品的来源判识、成熟度表征、油源对比、成藏后演化等研究都具有重要意义。

Short-chain alkylbenzenes (C0-C4) are important components in crude oils and source rock extracts and contain rich geological and geochemical information. They have special significance for high and over matured geological samples in theory research and practical application. But at present, enough attention has not been paid on them. There are some problems need to be solved, such as unclear origin and formation mechanism and undefined evolution characteristics. Some new parameters of short-chain alkylbenzenes with potential application were proposed from the pyrolysates of the type I kerogen. However, different types of kerogen need to be further analyzed and the applicability of these new parameters need to be verified by actual geological samples. The origin, formation mechanism, evolution characteristics and main controlling factors of the short-chain alkylbenzenes in kerogen and crude oil will be clarified in this work by research methods of organic geochemistry, including simulation experiments, quantitative analysis of the pyrolysates, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and compound-specific stable carbon and hydrogen isotope analyses. The new effective molecular parameters and/or diagrams of short-chain alkylbenzenes representing source input, depositional environment, thermal evolution and secondary alteration will be proposed based on the crude oils from the typical anatomy of highly-explored areas in China. The research results are of great significance to the study of source identification, maturity characterization, oil-source correlation and post-reservoir evolution for the high and over matured geological samples lacking biomarkers, such as deep and ultra-deep high-over mature source rocks, light oils, and condensates.