不同进化类型的维管束植物防御病原细菌入侵的气孔关闭调控基础、气孔关闭行为及早期防御能力

调控气孔关闭是植物防御病原细菌入侵和提高自身早期防御能力的关键途径。但不同进化类型维管束植物防御病原细菌入侵的气孔关闭调控基础、气孔关闭行为及早期防御能力是否存在适应性进化，有待揭示。本项目拟以蕨类、裸子和被子植物为材料，以病原细菌侵染为手段，证实蕨类、裸子和被子植物防御病原细菌入侵所具有的气孔关闭调控基础 “从无到有”，基于气孔关闭调控基础产生的气孔关闭行为“从无到有”，基于气孔关闭行为形成的早期防御能力“由弱到强”的适应性进化规律。研究结果将从早期防御能力的角度，认识进化过程中蕨类、裸子和被子植物依次替代的机制，完善维管束植物抗细菌性病害能力形成的理论体系。

Pathogenic bacteria must enter the plant tissue to cause a successful infection, and microscopic surface openings, such as stomatal, serve as passive ports of pathogenic bacteria entry. Therefore, it is important for plants to close stomatal actively to prevent pathogen entry into leaves and the subsequent colonization of host tissues. This is part of a plant innate immune response to restrict bacteria invasion. However, in vascular plants from ferns to angiosperms, whether different evolutionary lineages have the divergence in stomatal closing mechanisms, behavior and early defense against pathogenic bacteria invasion still need to be looked at in concert. This project will use ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms as materials to investigate stomatal closing mechanisms, behavior and early defense against pathogenic bacteria invasion in vascular plants upon contact with bacteria. We hypothesized that ferns would lack, while gymnosperms and angiosperms would have stomatal closing mechanisms and behavior. As a result, the ability to restrict pathogenic bacteria invasion would increase from ferns, gymnosperms to angiosperms. The results will serve for understanding the mechanisms underlying the replacement series from ferns to angiosperms on evolutionary scale from the perspective of restricting pathogenic bacteria invasion, and will lay the theoretical basis for breeding germplasm resources to restrict pathogenic bacteria invasion.