考虑干旱、温度胁迫和作物产量的灌区精量灌溉决策方法与模型

在全球变暖与极端天气强度和频率增加、国家乡村振兴战略的农业农村现代化和灌溉管理智能化要求的背景下，灌区（或大型农场）基于传统灌溉制度的农田灌溉管理方法，将逐步向基于农情实时监控信息的精量灌溉决策转化。为此，本项目拟通过地面连续试验观测和调研资料，明确作物缺水受旱和温度胁迫指征参数及其定量表征，探讨作物干旱和温度胁迫条件下产量响应机制；基于数据融合和数据同化方法原理，对试验观测、调研资料、遥感反演等不同平台的数据，建立灌区精量灌溉决策与管理过程中符合作物生理机制的多源数据融合和同化方法；深入分析北方主要作物关键生育期干旱和温度胁迫特征，构建相应的作物产量评估模型，提出考虑空间变异的风险评估方法和预警机制，最终形成考虑干旱、温度胁迫和产量优化的灌区作物精量灌溉决策模型。研究成果可为正确评价作物水分消耗和水资源合理分配提供先进技术支撑，在推动灌区精量灌溉用水管理上有十分重要的意义和价值。

Under the trend of Global warm and high occurrence rate and increase strength of extreme climate, and the background of county modernization and irrigation management intellectualized in Rural Revitalization Strategy, precision irrigation decision and management are the need in irrigation district based on the real time monitoring messages in field. Drought early onset detection, temperature stress and yield assessment are the key factors in modern irrigation management..In this proposal, multi-source data will be employed to meet the research goal, which include continuous monitoring of soil water content, crop canopy temperature, Leaf Area Index, dry matter yield, field meteorological data, and final yield in situ, integrating remote sensing data and the local statistic yearbook. Main field crops in North China are the objects of study. Field experiments will be carried out at different scales and the regional data collection and investigation will be implemented at the same time. Firstly, the main water stress and drought indicators are compared and selected to get the change rule and their threshold values in crop sensitive periods and growing stages to yields, especially for canopy temperature and soil accumulated temperature. Agricultural field drought risk is reviewed and appropriate responses defined. The risk countermeasure will coupled with the water supply condition to make regional drought early warning system and management alternative. Then the regional irrigation strategy could be made out based on these results. Another main research is to explore the suitable data fusion and assimilation methods for agricultural crops management. The yield assessment model would be set up for main crops in research area to serve for agricultural management. All of the research achievements would be one of the theoretical basis and to support the impact evaluation of extreme climate change to field crop producing, drought stress to final yield, and reasonable regional water resources allocating and irrigation management.