在高能重离子碰撞中，重夸克（粲、美夸克）主要产生于碰撞初期的硬散射过程，在穿越随后形成的夸克-胶子等离子（QGP）的过程中与QGP内部分子相互作用，携带QGP内部信息，是探测QGP信号、研究QGP性质的重要探针。重夸克与QGP组份部分子间的相互作用，不仅会导致其能量损失，还可能使其热化，导致末态重味粒子的集体关联行为。对重夸克集体关联的研究是当前重离子领域一个十分新颖的热点课题。本项目将基于LHC/ALICE实验探测器，利用ALICE LHC RUN-II的更大数据统计量和更高探测精度，通过精确测量重离子碰撞中重味强子衰变缪子的各向异性流，研究重夸克的集体关联特性，深入理解重夸克在QGP内的输运特性、热化自由度和QGP的流体力学演化特性。本项目还将对重夸克集体关联特性的研究推广到小系统（质子-质子、质子-核）碰撞中，深入理解导致小系统碰撞中类流体关联现象的物理机制以及小系统末态物质的特性。

In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, heavy quarks (charm and beauty), with large masses, are produced in pairs predominantly in initial hard-scattering processes on a time scale shorter than the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation time. Consequently, they interact with the medium constituents via inelastic and elastic processes. Therefore, heavy quarks are regarded as effective probes of the QGP properties. However, it is an open question whether low-momentum heavy quarks participate, through interactions with the medium, in the collective expansion of the system and whether they can reach thermal equilibrium with the medium constituents. In this project, the anisotropic flow of open heavy-flavour hadron decay muons will be studied in Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE. Based on the data measurements, the collectivity and the thermal degree of freedom of heavy quarks will be investigated to extract the transport properties of heavy quarks in the QGP medium; the path-length dependent heavy quark in-medium energy loss and the heavy quark in-medium fragmentation mechanisms will be further explored. In addition, the study of the collectivity of heavy quarks will be extended to small systems (proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions) to provide insight into the origin of the flow-like collectivity observed at high multiplicity in small systems and the properties of the matter created in such collisions.