成型生物质室内燃烧的污染物排放特征及减排潜力

区域大气环境质量逐渐改善的同时，冬季重污染，例如汾渭平原和东北地区，成为当前较为突出的环境问题。北方农村地区生物质成型燃料替代散烧煤和传统生物质取暖或可有效降低污染物排放，已被纳入大气污染防治和清洁取暖的相关政策和行动计划，但是目前对生物质成型燃料排放污染物的基本水平、动态过程及影响因素，以及替代传统固体燃料污染物减排效果的现场评估还存在很大的数据空缺和科学认识不足。本项目拟结合实验室模拟燃烧和实地排放测试，获得生物质成型燃料燃烧主要大气污染物的排放特征，识别排放差异的主要影响因素；测定PM2.5理化性质和毒性效应，探索成型生物质排放PM2.5毒性效应与燃烧条件及主要理化组分间的关联性；在此基础上开展情景模拟测算，从污染物总量和环境健康效应的角度分析成型生物质取暖的减排潜力。研究成果旨在促进对成型生物质燃烧排放的环境及健康影响的科学认知，为国家推广成型生物质取暖提供数据支撑。

Heavy air pollution in winter is still a prominent problem in China. Residential burning of biomass briquettes has potential to alleviate environmental pollution caused by direct incineration of agricultural and forestry waste and combustion of traditional raw coal, and thus has been included in the relevant policy documents and action plan of cleaning heating. However, insufficient understanding and data gap in air pollutant emission levels, dynamic variation, and field evaluation of emission reduction effect compared with traditional solid fuel remain the barriers blocking widespread application of biomass briquettes. This project aims to investigate the pollutant emissions from biomass briquette combustion, identify the main influencing factors causing variations under different combustion conditions by combining laboratory simulation combustion and field emission testing. The physicochemical properties and cellular toxicity of the complicated PM2.5 are also determined, in order to explore the interrelationship among toxic effect of PM2.5, PM2.5 properties, and combustion conditions. In addition, the air pollutant emission reduction potential of clean heating by burning biomass briquettes in domestic biomass briquette stoves was analyzed from the perspective of total emission and impact on health and climate, through scenario simulation. This research will help promote the scientific understanding of the impact of biomass briquette combustion on health and climate, and provide scientific data supporting the promotion of clean heating using biomass briquettes in China.