高温条件下切花月季“弯梗现象”的发生机制探析

切花月季是世界四大切花之一，具有较高的观赏和经济价值。“弯梗现象”多发于6-8月的高温环境中，发生“弯梗现象”畸形植株子房下方的花梗朝1号萼片的方向弯曲，形成5°-90°的夹角，同时，1号萼片发生叶变，并且相较于其它4片萼片下移0-3cm，引发了萼片组的错位表达。“弯梗现象”严重影响了月季切花的品质和经济效益，给花卉生产者带来了巨大的损失。本项目根据对 “弯梗现象”的前期实验和国内外花器官发育的研究背景，通过对不同发育阶段的正常花、畸形花的外部形态、内部结构进行对比观察，找到高温诱发“弯梗现象”的关键发育时期；研究生长素（IAA）含量及浓度梯度的变化，探析生长素（IAA）对“弯梗现象”形成的影响；解析A类、B类功能基因在正常花、畸形花中的时空定量表达模式，确定诱发花器官错位表达的主效基因并探析其与生长素（IAA）之间的关系，为提高月季的切花品质提供技术与理论支持。

Cut rose (Rosa hybrida) is one of the top four cut flowers which has a high appreciation and economic value. Bent peduncle phenomenon usually happen under high temperature from June to August. The peduncle under the ovary of the malformed bent peduncle bent towards the No. 1 sepal, forming an angel of 5°-90°degrees, and at the same time, the No. 1 sepal forms leaf-like organs known as phylloids and moves down by 0-3 cm compared to the other four sepals，triggering miss expression in the other four sepals. Bent peduncle phenomenon can seriously affect the quality and economic value of the cut rose bringing huge loss to the flower producers. Based on the previous experiments on bent peduncle phenomenon and research on flower organ development both at home and abroad, through the observation and comparison of the external morphology and inner structure of the normal and abnormal flowers in different flower development stages, this program aims to find out the key development stage in which the high temperature triggers bent peduncle phenomenon; to study the gradual change of the content and concentration of the auxin; to analyse the influence of the auxin on bent shoot; to analyse the spatial and temporal expression of class A and class B floral identity genes in normal and abnormal flowers; to identify the major gene triggering the miss expression of the flower organs and to analyse its relationship with auxin, thus to offer the technical and theoretical support to improve the quality of cut rose.