X射线时变、能谱和偏振是研究黑洞和中子星等致密天体最内吸积流并探测致密天体性质的主要手段。伴随不断发展和改进的黑洞吸积盘连续谱模型、相对论性宽铁线在中子星和黑洞双星中的探测、超大质量黑洞撕裂恒星事例被具有快速反应能力的空间X射线天文卫星发现、 理论和观测均支持吸积中子星辐射力的显著作用,以及X射线天文开启X射线偏振观测的发展趋势,我们进入可以利用多种观测手段探测黑洞自旋和限制中子星质量半径等基本性质的时代。我们综合X射线时变、连续谱和谱线以及偏振等多种观测手段,计划利用过去和将来的X 射线卫星观测数据限制一批X射线双星中黑洞的自转以及中子星的质量-半径关系,发展 X射线线谱回响测量和X射线偏振等在超大质量黑洞撕裂恒星事例中限制黑洞自旋的方法和手段,并尝试拓展连续谱方法测量活动星系核中超大质量黑洞的自旋。

X-ray timing, spectral and polarization observations are the powerful probes in studying black holes and neutron stars as well as the innermost accretion flow around them. With recent advance in theory, instruments and observations (e.g., the continuum modeling of black hole inner disks, the observations of the broad iron lines in both black hole and neutron star binaries, detections of tidal disruption events with Swift, increasing evidence for the radiation force effect of accreting neutron stars, and developments of X-ray polarimetry telescopes), we are entering an exciting era of applying multiple methods at the same time to the measurements of black hole spins and the constraints of neutron star mass - radius relation. We will continue to measure black hole spins and constrain neutron star mass-radius relation for some selected X-ray binaries using already-archived or future observations. Meanwhile, we intend to develop spectral line reverberation method and the polarization method, constraining the black hole spin for TDE events, and extend X-ray continuum-fitting method to AGNs.