基于阻燃功能化粘土的多层次复合体系的构建与机理研究

提高膨胀阻燃剂的效率一直是人们追求的目标。减少可成炭组分的损失并提高成炭速率和质量是获得高效阻燃的有效途径。申请者提出采用膨胀型阻燃剂中的气源-三嗪衍生物对粘土进行原位插层，获得"可膨胀"粘土，在粘土层间引入多核羟基金属阳离子柱化剂制备具有催化成炭作用的交联粘土，将这两种阻燃功能化粘土与化学膨胀阻燃剂复合，构建多层次高效协同膨胀阻燃体系。燃烧时三嗪衍生物分解，产生不可燃气体，分布在粘土周围，发挥"靶向"作用，切断燃烧要素，削弱灯芯效应，同时交联粘土催化成炭，提高阻燃效率；改变三嗪衍生物结构、金属类型、表面处理、复合方式等，调控粘土在聚合物中的分散行为和燃烧时各组分膨胀阻燃的匹配性。探索阻燃功能化粘土对高质量炭层的增效作用，阐明交联-成炭-膨胀-阻燃过程中的多途径协同机理，揭示复合阻燃体系的最优组合方式。本课题的研究结果将为高效协同膨胀阻燃复合材料的设计和制备提供一种新的思路。

Decreasing the volatilization of flammable gas and the loss of useful component for char forming is one of the methods to improve the flame retardant efficiency for chemical intumescent flame retardant (CIFR) system. Based on this, we present the preparation of "expandable" clay by intercalating triazine derivatives-a gas source for intumescent flame retardants, which can expand the clay and foam the char during combusting. The cross-linking clay (CLC) with excellent catalysis was synthesized by introducing different metals pillared agent into the montmorillonite. The "expandable" clay and CLC using as pre-exist physical barrier coatings and catalyzer are cooperated with CIFR to compensate the slow speed of char forming through chemical reaction. The mulriple synergistic intumescent flame retardant system is thus constructed. By this, the incombustible gas produced by triazine derivatives can break the flaming factor targeting the clay, and prevent the clay from wicking effect of ordinary organic compounds used in clay modification. At the same time, the char is formed quickly promoted by CLC, and the flame retardant efficiency is thus improved. A series of triazine derivatives with different structure and CLC are designed and synthesized. The surface modification of CLC is also studied. The dispersion behaviors of clay in matrix, the matching effect between modified clay and CIFR on the intumescent char forming of polymer is adjusted and controlled by these factors. The effects of clay intercalated by triazine derivatives and CLC on char forming, char stability and strength, flame retardant efficiency are investigated. The mulriple promoting mechanism for the cross linking-charing -expanding-antiflaming process will be discovered. The optimal formulation for modified clays/CIFR/polymer system will be obtained. This work will provide a novel thought for designing and preparing of the polymer composites with high efficiency in synergistic intumescent flame retardant system.