城市森林景观格局的水环境效应及其尺度特征

城市森林的生态服务功能强大而多样，随着城市的日益扩展，其生态功能和机理的研究不断加强。但有关城市森林水环境效应的研究还很薄弱，已有研究大多集中于个体或样方等小尺度，而城市森林作为城市中的斑块镶嵌体，其功能是整体景观在空间格局上综合作用的结果，单一尺度上的研究难以科学揭示城市森林对水环境的作用机理和过程。本项目从景观生态学的角度，利用遥感技术、实地监测与实验分析等多种手段，定点观测和模型模拟相结合，分别在河岸带、子流域和城市3个尺度上，量化城市森林景观格局演变过程，构建基于非点源污染的城市水环境“源－汇”负荷模型，耦合水环境污染过程和城市森林空间格局，揭示不同尺度上城市森林景观格局的水环境效应，优化城市森林景观格局空间配置模式。该研究不仅在学科上可丰富“格局—过程—尺度”的定量耦合理论，而且在实践上对于城市森林的规划、建设、管理和城市水环境的保护具有重要的指导价值。

The ecological service function of urban forest is strong and multiple. With the expanding of city, the research on the ecological function and mechanism of urban forest has been strengthened increasingly. But the studying of effects of urban forest on the water environmental is still weak, and the existing studies mostly focus on individual tree or plots at small scale. While the urban forest as patches and corridors embedded in the urban impervious surface, its function is a result of the comprehensive effect of overall landscape spatial pattern. It is difficult to understand the mechanism and process of urban forest on water environment at single scale. From the perspective of landscape ecology, this project integrating the observation and modeling, at the riparian zone, the sub-catchment and city scales respectively, to quantitify urban forest landscape pattern evolution processes, build "source-sink" load model of urban non-point source pollution, couple water environment pollution process and urban forest spatial pattern, and optimize the spatial pattern of urban forest landscape pattern. This result will not only enrich the "pattern, process, and scale" coupling theory, but also provide scientific basis for the urban forest planning, construction, management and urban water environment protection in practice.