“钠化焙烧—水浸—分级沉淀”法从废铝基催化剂中提取分离铝、钒、钼的机理研究

废铝基催化剂是一种富含铝、钒、钼等有价组分的重要二次资源，对其进行综合回收利用，不仅避免了有用金属的大量流失，又减轻了对环境的污染，具有良好的经济和环境效益。前人研究工作集中在钒、钼等组分的回收，而废催化剂的主要组分-载体氧化铝却没有得到有效回收利用。本项目针对废催化剂中铝及其他有价组分的综合回收问题，提出"钠化焙烧-水浸-分级沉淀"的技术方法。采用热力学、电化学、溶液化学理论计算分析、动力学试验验证优化，并借助多种分析测试手段，研究废铝基催化剂钠化焙烧-水浸过程中铝、钒、钼的转化机制和溶解行为，揭示浸出液体系中铝、钒、钼与钙、钡的反应机理及其对分离行为的影响，确定影响铝、钒、钼提取和分离过程的主要因素及其调控机制，优化废催化剂中铝、钒、钼提取的技术途径。本研究为废催化剂中有价组分的提取提供理论基础，并为废催化剂实现综合利用奠定研究基础。

Spent alumina-based catalyst is a kind of important second resource, using alumina as the carrier and vanadium, molybdenum as active constitutent, but which can not be regenerated. Comprehensive utilization of spent catalyst shows great economic and environmental significance, not only for avoiding unacceptable drains of valuable metals, but also for alleviating environmental pollution.During the past decade, considerable research was devoted to extract V and Mo from spent catalyst, but the main body of catalyst, carrier alumina, failed to achieve a meaningful recovery. In order to comprehensively recyle aluminum and other valuable metals from spent catalyst, a combined salt roasting-water leaching-step precipitation method was proposed in the present study. By the combination of theoretical analysis on thermodynamic, electrochemistry and solution chemistry, with metallurgical dynamics experiments and many modern measurment means,the transformation mechanism and procedure of Al, V, and Mo involving in the stage of roasting, leaching and separation will be studied. In the roasting and leaching stages, the transformation mechanism and dissolving behavior of Al, V, and Mo will be studied. In the separation stage, by the combination of theoretical analysis with the precipitation experiments of simulative systems, the reaction mechanism of Al, V, and Mo with Ca and Ba and its effect on separation behavior will be found out. By the orthogonal tests with a spent alumina-based catalyst,the main influencing factors and its regulation mechanism on the extraction of Al, V and Mo will be determined. The results obtained will contribute a theoretical basis to the extraction of valuable metals from spent catalyst, and a research foundation to realize the comprehensive utilization of spent catalyst as well.