在油井地震波勘探领域，多分量地震信息测量对于提高油气储藏地分析的准确性具有重要意义。相位敏感光时域反射计(Φ-OTDR)作为一种新型分布式光纤声传感技术，较传统检测方式，具有成本低、大范围分布式测量等突出优势。当前Φ-OTDR主要利用光纤的轴向应变，实现振动信号在光纤轴向上的投影单分量测量。改变光纤几何构型理论上可实现多分量感知，但为保证多分量重建的有效性，需厘米级空间分辨率，而常规Φ-OTDR的空间分辨率仅为米级或几十米。本项目针对分布式多分量振动测量的应用需求，拟开展基于高空间分辨率Φ-OTDR的多分量振动传感技术研究。利用脉冲压缩技术解决空间分辨率与信噪比之间的矛盾关系，建立完善的基于脉冲压缩的散射分布式传感理论模型，探索技术极限并实现厘米级高空间分辨率；在其基础上，开展光纤螺旋构型下的多分量振动反演理论模型和实验研究，实现多分量振动的分布式测量，为地震波检测等领域提供技术支撑。

In the field of seismic wave detection of oil wells, multi-component seismic information measurement is of great significance for improving the accuracy of oil and gas reservoir analysis. Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) is a new type of distributed fiber sensing technology. Compared with conventional detection ways, Φ-OTDR has the advantages of low cost and wide detection range. Current Φ-OTDR technology can only measure one-dimensional component in the axial direction. Changing the fiber’s geometry can theoretically realize the multi-component measurement. However, the centimeter-level spatial resolution is required to ensure the effectiveness of the reconstruction model, while the spatial resolution of current Φ-OTDR can only reach about meters or dozens of meters. In order to meet the urgent application demand, the project plans to develop a multicomponent vibration sensing technology based on high spatial resolution Φ-OTDR. Pulse compression technology will be used to realize the high spatial resolution Φ-OTDR, and a distributed scattering sensing theory will be built. Then, the key factors that limit the performance of this technology will be explored to realize spatial resolution of cm magnitude. What’s more, .Theoretical and experimental research of multicomponent vibration sensing based on spiral fiber structure will be conducted to realize the reconstruction of multicomponent vibration. The research will provide an important technical support for application fields such as multi-component information detection of oil well seismic waves.