海南牛肝菌科五个重要属的分类与分子系统发育研究

海南是热带亚洲的重要组成部分，真菌多样性丰富，其中的牛肝菌科真菌更是种类多样。该类真菌具有重要的科研和经济价值，但前期的研究中发现，海南牛肝菌科真菌分类混乱，有待发现和描述更多的新分类单元。为此本项目将通过野外考察获得第一手资料，重点对该区种类丰富，且存在较多分类问题的条孢牛肝菌属、牛肝菌属、海氏牛肝菌属、黄粉末牛肝菌属、绒盖牛肝菌属等5个属开展形态解剖及基于nrLSU、ITS、tef-1、rpb2等4个基因片段的分子系统发育研究，同时结合生物地理信息，生态特性等多方面的数据，发现更多的新分类单元，深入认识此类真菌各属间及属下各类群间的系统发育和亲缘关系，澄清海南此类真菌分类中的混乱，切实反映该科真菌的物种多样性。本项目的完成，对于认识热带真菌与亚热带-温带真菌间的系统发育和亲缘关系具有重要的科学意义，同时也为热带雨林生态系统的保护和恢复及该区真菌资源的可持续利用提供科学依据。

Hainan, an important part of tropical Asia, is extraordinarily rich in fungal species, especially the fungi of Boletaceae with important ecological, scientific and economic values. Despite significant progress in taxonomic studying of Boletaceae in this region, the species diversity and resource information remains unclear. This project designed to straighten out taxonomic confusions, to reveal intergeneric and interspecific genetic and phylogenetic relationships, to documente remaining new taxa and to reflect the species diversity objectively. Based on the field investigation, morphological study and analysis of four genes (nrLSU, ITS, tef-1, rpb2) dataset, combining with biological geographical information and ecological characteristics, five important genera of Boletaceae in Hainan, namely Boletellus, Boletus, Heimioporus, Pulveroboletus, Xerocomus, will be studied. With the project, it not only helps to understand the phylogeny relationships of tropical, subtropical and temperate fungi, but also provides the scientific basis for the protection and restoration of tropical rainforest ecosystem as well as the conservation and sustainable use of the fungal resources in the region.