社会拼凑的构建：从新生弱性到竞争优势实现——基于“互联网+”共享经济模式下的案例与经验研究

资源对于新创企业生存与成长的重要性已引发学界和业界的广泛关注，但资源约束无处不在。过去的研究试图从资源的经济交易与社会交易或者整合效率等方面去突破约束，但往往忽略了由于合法性缺乏、信息不对称、成长不确定及能力短板等不利因素导致的新企业新生弱性，致使交易方式的外部资源获取或效能提升方式的内部资源利用困难重重。针对以上研究不足，提出社会（资源）拼凑的概念，并对其发生机制与功效实现进行验证。主要的研究贡献是:（1）以协同共享的方式广泛聚合已有的、闲置的、分散的社会资源，为突破新企业资源约束提供全新的理论视角；（2）通过 “互联网+”专车行业的纵向嵌入式多案例研究，构建社会拼凑的概念和内涵；（3）以问卷调查与数据分析方式检验社会拼凑构建维度并对创业导向的驱动机制及竞争优势功效的实现机制进行验证；（4）拓展现有的创业资源拼凑理论，并建立与制度创业、社会资本理论等沟通的桥梁。

The importance of resources for the survival and growth of new enterprises have been widespread concerned by academia and industry, but resources constraint always. Previous studies have attempted to break constraints by the social and economic transactions or integration efficiency, but some studies often ignore the lack of legitimacy, information asymmetric, uncertainty and capacity insufficient to resulting in the liability of newness, therefore, using social and economic transactions to obtain external resources or to enhance the effectiveness of internal resources are difficult. To solve this problem, we construct the concept of social bricolage, and verify the mechanism of its creation and realization. The main contribution of the research are: (1) by the way of collaborative sharing to bricolage the existing social resources, it provides a new theoretical perspective for breaking new enterprise resource constraints; (2) through the "Internet +" embedded multi-longitudinal case study of the taxi industry, to build the concept and connotation of social bricolage; (3)to test the dimension of social bricolage, and verify the drive mechanism of entrepreneurial orientation and implementation mechanism of competitive advantage by questionnaire survey and data analysis;(4)to expand the existing entrepreneurial bricolage theory, and establish a bridge with institutional and social capital theory.