滨海核电冷源取水系统中毛虾聚集堵塞的水动力机制研究

冷源安全是核电安全平稳运行的前提和保障。随着海洋环境变化，海洋生物大规模聚集堵塞沿海核电取水系统，严重威胁了核电冷源安全。我国已发生的核电取水堵塞事件中，中国毛虾已成为冷源安全的突出威胁，其对冷源安全的影响与水动力驱动密切相关。本项目拟以毛虾在大亚湾核电基地取水工程海域形成暴发致灾为前提，重点研究在核电取水影响区域内毛虾种群迁移聚集的水动力机制。采用系统调研、现场观测、机理分析、室内实验与数学模型相结合的方法，研究核电取水系统中水动力变化过程及其对外海潮动力和内部取水构筑物不同结构的响应规律，揭示取水影响区域毛虾种群迁移聚集的水动力机制；建立取水过程中毛虾种群动态迁移数学模型，模拟典型取水流场条件下毛虾聚集区的形成和发展；基于毛虾行为响应机制及取水构筑物型、布置特征、流场分布特点，提出基于水动力导引作用的取水安全主动防控措施，为保障核电冷源安全及海洋生物资源保护提供理论和技术支持。

Cooling water safety is the premise and guarantee of operation safety for nuclear power plants. With the changes of the marine environment, massive marine organisms invaded the water intake system of coastal nuclear power plants, which seriously threatened the safety of cooling water. According to the record of water intake blockages in our nation, Acetes chinesis has become a prominent threat, and its influence on cooling water is closely related to hydrodynamic conditions. This project takes Acetes chinesis breakout in Daya Bay as a prerequisite, and intends to focus on the hydrodynamic mechanism of Acetes chinesis population migration and aggregation in the areas affected by water intake of nuclear power plants. Systematic investigation, field observation, mechanism analysis, controlled experiment and numerical model are combined to solve this problem. This proposed research aims to study the hydrodynamic change process of water intake system and its response to external tidal force and internal water intake structure, reveal the mechanism of Acetes chinesis aggregation to different hydraulic conditions, while establish the population dynamic migration numerical model to simulate the formulation and development of Acetes chinesis aggregation under the conditions of typical flow fields caused by water intake. Based on the response mechanism of Acetes chinesis behavior and the flow filed distribution characteristics of water intake structures, the active prevention and control measures for cooling water safety will be proposed to provide theoretical and technical support for the safety operation of nuclear power plants and the protection of marine biological resource.