《联合国海洋法公约》框架下典型地理实体识别及划界作用研究

岛屿、岩礁和低潮高地等典型地理实体对海洋划界具有重要影响。但是1982年《联合国海洋法公约》对相关概念缺乏明确定义，也没有提及其在海洋划界中的作用。实际上，这些典型地理实体界定不仅涉及复杂法律概念，也与具体地理问题有关，而从国际法和地理学两方面开展研究尚属空白。如何科学、准确地界定典型地理实体类型，揭示其对海洋边界调整规律和影响效应，是国际海洋划界实践中有待解决的重要问题。本项目拟在《联合国海洋法公约》框架下，首先研究典型地理实体划界效力，构建基于卫星测深技术的划界岛礁浅海地形特征提取算法，提出基于法律依据和地理证据的地理实体识别标准；然后研究高精度大地主题解算方法和大地线插值方法，构建基于地球椭球面的“三点法”划界模型；再选取典型国际划界案例进行反演分析，研究典型地理实体在海洋划界中的作用及影响；最后针对中日东海划界争端，提出我方划界应对方案，为外交划界谈判提供理论依据和技术支撑。

Typical geographical entities such as islands, rocks and low-tide elevations have a significant impact on marine delimitation. However, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS) in 1982 lacked a clear definition of relevant concepts and didn't mention their roles in maritime delimitation. In fact, the definition of these typical geographical entities is not only related to complex legal concepts, but also to geographical issues. At present, there is still a blank in the study on international law and geography. How to define the types of typical geographical entities scientifically and accurately, and reveal adjustment regulation and effects impact on the maritime boundaries, is an important problem to be solved in the practice of international maritime delimitation. Under the framework of the UNCLOS, the author will first analyze the delimitation effects of typical geographical entities,and study the terrain features extraction algorithm of islands and rocks in shallow sea based on the Satellite Bathymetry technology, and propose the geographical entities identification standard based on the legal basis and geographical evidences; then study the high-precision Geodetic Solution methods and geodesic interpolation method, and propose the "three-point method" delimitation model based on the earth ellipsoid; then select typical international delimitation cases for inversion, and reveal the roles and effects of typical geographical entities in maritime delimitation; finally, in view of the East China Sea delimitation dispute between China and Japan, put forward our delimitation resolution plan. The research would provide theoretical foundation and decision-making basis for our diplomatic negotiations.