不同稻作区稻瘟病菌群体遗传结构及其效应子基因变异研究

水稻是我国重要粮食作物，稻瘟病在水稻生产上常年发生，造成严重产量损失，是全球粮食安全的重要威胁。不断完善病害诊断和监控系统是应对农作物重大病害的重要保障。目前，植物病害分子监测主要依赖耗时费力的PCR、ELISA等方法，因此，研制基于基因组学的新型快速诊断方法，有助于全面了解田间病原菌遗传信息，对于病害防控意义重大。申请人与英国Saunders博士合作，建立了一种基于田间采集病样直接进行转录组测序的“田间病原菌基因组学”方法，能够快速准确鉴定稻瘟病菌群体遗传结构及变异情况。本研究拟运用“田间稻瘟病菌基因组学”技术；比较近几年和前十五年我国不同稻作区（籼稻、粳稻、籼粳稻混合）的稻瘟病菌群体基因组遗传结构；评价病菌基因型与致病型的相关性；鉴定稻瘟病菌致病相关效应子基因及其群体变异分布。通过项目实施，以期弄清我国不同稻作区稻瘟病菌群体基因组结构组成及其多样性，为开发稻瘟病防控新策略提供理论依据。

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food crop for more than 50% of the world’s population, with the majority of rice consumption occurring in developing countries. Throughout the growing season, a large number of pathogenic microorganisms cause important diseases in rice, leading to significant yield losses worldwide and threatening global food security. Rice blast disease caused by fungus Magnaprothe oryzae (Mo) is a major factor influencing stable rice production in many rice-growing countries in Asia and Africa. In this project, we aim to establish the “field pathogenomics” method for the surveillance of rice blast disease and undertake comprehensive population genetic analyses of this important plant pathogen. The specific aims will be: (1) Determine the genotype of Mo isolates and assess the genetic diversity of current and historical Mo populations (2) Assess the correlation between Mo genotypes and pathotypes; (3) Define the key pathogenesis related effector genes and the variation among the sequenced Mo genotypes. At the completion of this project, we will have established the population structure of Mo and developed the necessary tools to rapidly track Mo movement in the future. This project will provide the first high-resolution temporal and systematic characterization of Mo populations in China. The proposed research will also determine whether a link exists between Mo genotypes and particular host pedigrees. This is imperative if we are to design and deploy effective surveillance and management strategies against rice blast disease.