乳液模板法构筑天然高分子复合气凝胶用于地下水中有机污染物去除

天然高分子气凝胶作为一类环境友好的“绿色”吸附材料在水处理领域引发广泛关注，但较强的亲水性限制了其在有机污染修复中的应用。本项目拟通过皮克林乳液模板法，在最大程度保留天然高分子结构特性的前提下实现天然高分子纳米粒子-疏水高分子复合气凝胶材料的可控化构建并将其用于地下水中疏水性有机污染物的去除。通过建立纳米粒子表面特性和浓度、油相种类、油水比、乳化条件等因素与皮克林乳液微结构及气凝胶疏水性、孔结构、力学性能和生物降解性之间的联系，实现可再生疏水海绵型吸附材料的构建；通过静态吸附实验探究材料对于疏水性有机污染物的吸附机制，阐明材料结构与吸附性能间的关系，探究吸附剂功能化的可能性；最后通过野外采集地下水样和设计动态吸附柱实验评价材料在实际污染场地的应用前景。本项目有望开拓天然高分子材料加工改性的新思路，推动废弃生物质资源的开发利用，并为其在地下水污染修复中的应用提供理论依据和技术支持。

Natural polymer aerogels have demonstrated great potential in water treatment as a group of environmentally friendly ‘green’ adsorbents, however, the strong hydrophilicity restricts their application in organic contamination remediation. This research project intends to provide a platform technology for the controllable fabrication of composite aerogels from natural polymer nanoparticles and hydrophobic polymers through Pickering emulsion templates without disturbing the intrinsic structure of natural polymers, which would be further applied for the removal of hydrophobic organic contaminants from groundwater. The influence of the particle surface characteristics, the particle concentrations, the types of oil phase, the oil-water ratio and the emulsification conditions on the micro-structure of the Pickering emulsions, the hydrophobicity, porous structure, mechanical performance and biodegradability of the composite aerogels were studied to obtain the renewable hydrophobic sponge-like adsorbents. Then the pollutant removal mechanisms by the composite aerogels were studied, the structure-function relationship of the composite aerogels was revealed, and the functionalization potential of the adsorbents was explored. Dynamic adsorption column experiments would be designed with groundwater samples collected from the actually contaminated sites to further evaluate the prospect of the composite aerogels. This project would hopefully contribute new thoughts to the modification of natural polymers, providing logical proofs and technical supports for the exploitation of waste biomass resource and their application in the remediation of groundwater organic pollution.