尸体环境螨虫及微型昆虫的生长发育及演替规律用于死亡时间推断的研究

死亡时间（PMI）作为破案线索及法庭证据容不得有错，法医昆虫学的研究已经从过去能够推断PMI发展到研究在更广的时间窗范围、更多的环境条件及更精确的推断PMI。以往研究主要侧重于蝇类及甲虫等体型较大的昆虫，而对螨类、寄生蜂、酪蝇、蚤蝇、蚁蝇及微型甲虫则缺乏研究。国外及我们新的研究发现这些生物同样有死亡时间推断价值：（1）它们体型小更容易接近尸体，特别是在尸体被包裹、被埋葬及室内等条件下，有时是尸体上唯一的证据；（2）营养要求低能在尸体上长期存在；（3）在尸体上多代的发育有着不同于蝇类的种群变化规律；（4）携播螨有准确的携播时间及时间性发育规律；（5）寄主的发育时间加上寄生蜂的发育时间能够提供更长的时间窗范围。本项目拟对这些生物的种类、在尸体上的生活史及演替的规律及其在不同温度下的生长发育规律等进行研究，建立相关数据库，弥补法医昆虫学推断死亡时间的不足，为保障人类生命安全做出贡献。

Mistake is never allowed for postmortem interval (PMI) as it is not only the clue to solve the case, but also the evidence in the court. Forensic entomology has broadened its research field from being able to estimate PMI in the past to currently estimating the PMI more accurately at a wider time window and in more complex environmental conditions. Previous studies mainly focused on larger flies and beetles, but the research on mites, parasitic wasps, skipper flies, scuttle flies, black scavenger flies, and tiny beetles is still lacking. Foreign and our new studies have found that these species also have the value of estimating the PMI: (1) With smaller size, these species are easier to colonize the corpse especially when the corpse is wrapped, buried or death occurred in indoor environment. Sometimes these species might be the only evidence on the corpses; (2) Low energy requirements allow them to survive on the carcass for a long time; (3) Multi-generational development on the carcass make them have different colony changes; (4) Phoretic mites have defined phoresy time and regular development patterns; (5) The development time of the parasitic wasp can provide a longer time window range by adding the development time of the host. This project aims to study the species community, life cycle and succession pattern of these species on corpses and their growth and development patterns under different temperatures, to establish a database to make up for the shortcomes of PMI estimation in forensic entomology, and to achieve a perfect PMI estimation to contribute to the safety of human life.