伽玛射线暴的光学辐射监测和辐射物理性质研究

伽玛暴现象光学巡天是当今伽玛暴观测的一个重要方向，将为研究伽玛暴高能爆发前及暴本身到极早期余辉光学辐射、与短暴成协的Kilonovae光学辐射、失败伽玛暴光学辐射等问题打开新窗口。本项目利用具有自主触发和后随多波段观测能力的光学变源巡天系统及其它设备开展伽玛暴光学巡天观测和后随观测；集成分析我们的观测数据和空间高能卫星及其它设备观测数据，建立宽波段能谱样本，并基于多色黑体辐射模型和同步辐射模型进行拟合，研究喷流的组份和辐射机制；比较研究不同起源伽玛暴余辉观测特征, 用外激波模型拟合多波段余辉光变曲线，研究余辉辐射区和暴周环境物理性质；多维度探索暴本身和余辉各种观测量、物理量间的依赖关系，揭示其物理起源；配合SVOM等空间科学计划开展相关的模拟研究，形成后随观测的工作流程，建立起SVOM卫星科学数据分析和地基跟踪观测团队及国际合作网络。

Optical survey for gamma-ray burst (GRB) phenomenon is an important field of GRB observations. It would open a new window for studying the optical emission from prior gamma-ray trigger to very early afterglow emission phase, optical emission from kilonovae associated with short GRBs, and optical emission from failed GRBs. We have set up an optical survey system that has capacity of both self-trigger and multi-wavelength observations. We will use this system and other facilities to perform campaign of optical survey and follow-up observations for GBRs and other optical transients. With our data, together with data from space-based missions and other ground-based telescopes, we will establish a broadband spectral energy distribution sample of GRBs and fit them with a spectral model composing of both multi-color blackbody radiation and synchrotron radiation to investigate the composition and radiation mechanism of the jets. We also compare the afterglow properties of GRBs from different origins and fit the multi-wavelength afterglow lightcurves with the external shock models to explore their physical properties of the radiation regions and surrounding fireballs. Basing on our comprehensive analysis for both prompt and afterglow data, we explore the possible relations among the physical parameters and observational variables through multiple regression analysis approach and their possible hints to the GRB physics. Following the progress of the SVOM mission project, we will also make simulations for both observations and data analysis, and set up the observation and data analysis team as well as international collaboration team for follow-up observations.