船载高精度一体化北斗导航有源射频前端关键技术研究

由于船舶（尤其是小船）航行颠簸，船载北斗需宽波束天线才能保持实时定位。海上存在多径干扰，终端天线的抗多径能力直接关系到船载北斗的定位精度。此外，单一北斗系统存在覆盖盲区，需兼容其他卫星导航系统实现全球高精度定位。高精度定位依赖于高性能的射频前端（包括天线、滤波器和低噪放等）。因此为提高海上航行安全和搜救成功率，研究船载高精度一体化北斗导航有源射频前端具有重要的理论和应用意义。.提出双频/宽频半功率波束展宽技术、轴比波束展宽技术及其共存理论，实现半功率和3-dB轴比波束均较宽的多模兼容北斗导航天线；提出宽波束的双频/宽频抗多径天线技术，构造宽波束、抗多径的小型化多模兼容北斗导航天线；提出双频/宽频圆极化天线、滤波器和低噪放集成式设计理论，研制效率高、增益大、体积小、噪声低的高性能北斗导航有源射频前端；提出收发一体化有源集成技术，实现具有精确定位和短报文通信的北斗导航有源射频前端。

Due to the turbulence of the ship (especially the boat), wide-beam antenna is needed for shipborne Beidou to maintain real-time positioning. Multipath interference is existed on the sea, and the anti-multipath capability of terminal antenna is directly related to the positioning accuracy of shipborne Beidou. In addition, blind area is existed within single Beidou system, and compatible with other satellite navigation systems is required to realize global high precision positioning. High precision positioning depends on high performance RF front-end (including antenna, filter, low noise amplifier and so on). Therefore, in order to improve the maritime navigation safety and the rescue success rate, the research of shipborne high precision integrated Beidou navigation active RF front-end has important significance in theory and application..The dual-band/wide-band half power beam broadening technology, axial ratio beam broadening technology and its coexistence theory will be proposed to realize the multi-mode compatible Beidou navigation antenna with wide half power and 3-dB axial ratio beam. The dual-band/wide-band anti-multipath antenna technology with wide beam will be presented in order to construct small multi-mode compatible Beidou navigation antenna with wide-beam and anti-multipath. The integrated design theory among dual-band/wide-band circularly polarized antenna, filter and low noise amplifier will be introduced to fabricate high performance Beidou navigation active RF front-end with high efficiency, large gain, small volume and low noise. The transceiver integrated active integration technology will be put forward to realize Beidou navigation active RF front-end with precise positioning and short message communication.