小麦淀粉合成关键酶基因克隆及特异分子标记的开发与验证

小麦是我国最重要的粮食作物,小麦品种的改良对于我国小麦产量稳定增收和粮食安全具有重要意义。小麦淀粉主要由直链淀粉和支链淀粉两种多聚物构成，两者的比例及支链淀粉的特性影响着淀粉的质量、功能和应用。改变淀粉的质量，高支链、高直链的淀粉无论在食品或是其它工业应用上都有着巨大的潜力。分子标记是近年迅速发展起来的一种技术手段，它的出现使人们对于基因的准确检测，目标基因的分离、克隆和转移更为方便。.本研究选择与直链淀粉合成关系密切的ssIIa、sbeIIa 和sbeIIb基因为目的基因，根据已知小麦淀粉合成关键酶ssⅡa、sbeⅡa、sbeⅡb基因序列设计引物,开发与小麦淀粉合成关键酶基因相关的STS标记，并验证标记的有效性，为分子标记辅助育种提供快速和准确的室内鉴定方法；用新开发的STS标记对中国小麦品种及资源材料的淀粉特性进行检测，筛选出高直链、高抗性淀粉的基因型品种，为小麦淀粉品质改良提供材料。

Wheat is the most important food crops, wheat improved variety of wheat yield stable and food security in China is of great significance. Wheat starches amylose and amylopectin from two major polymer composition, both proportions and characteristics of amylopectin starch quality, features, and applications. Changes of starch quality, highly branched, high amylose starch in food or other industrial applications have great potential. Molecular markers are a technology developed rapidly in recent years, it appears to make it for accurate detection of the gene, isolation, cloning, and facilitate the transfer of the target gene..This research select ssIIa, and sbeIIa and sbeIIb gene closed to amylose starch synthesis for purpose genes, under known wheat starch synthesis key enzyme ssIIa, and sbeIIa and sbeIIb gene sequence design promoter, development wheat starch synthesis key enzyme gene related of STS mark, and validation mark of effectiveness, for molecular mark selection breeding provides fast and accurate of indoor identification method. New development of STS markers on starch properties in wheat varieties in China and resource materials for testing, selection high amylose and high resistant starch content variety, providing material for wheat starch quality improvement.