新烟碱类杀虫剂的环境毒理是研究目前的研究热点之一，最近的亚致死剂量毒理学研究表明，其可以引起蜜蜂的慢性中毒，影响蜂群的生长，但是这些研究结果缺乏足够的田间残留试验数据支持。本课题拟通过南瓜田间试验的方法，以两种常用的新烟碱类杀虫剂（吡虫啉和噻虫嗪）作为研究对象，研究在不同的农药剂型、施药时间、剂量、施药方法、施药次数等条件下，两种农药在南瓜的花蜜和花粉中的残留行为，采用统计学的方法对花粉和花蜜中残留量的影响因子进行评估和验证，估计整个花期花粉和花蜜中的残留变化规律，将残留试验的结果与数学模型的预测结果进行比较。根据花粉和花蜜残留试验的结果和最新的蜜蜂毒理学数据，对蜜蜂的暴露风险进行评估。本研究对于新烟碱类杀虫剂的环境毒理研究具有重要的理论意义与实际价值，可以为其科学合理的使用提供实验依据。

Environmental toxicology of neonicotinoid pesticides is one of research topic currently. Recently, the research on sublethal effects of neonicotinoid on honey bee in the laboratory study showed that exposure of honey bee at the sublethal level can lead to the chronic poisoning and thus have an effect on the colony growth. However, the above conclusions lack the supports of residue data from field study. In this study the effects of different pesticide formulations, spray time, dose, application times and spray methods to the pumpkin on the residue behavior and movement of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam will be investigated through the field trials studies. The major factor influencing the residue in nectar and pollen will be assessed using the statistical method. The residue results will be compared with the mathematical models prediction. Based on the residue and toxicology data, the potential risk to honey bee will be assessed. This study will provide important theoretical significance and actual value for the neonicotinoid research on environmental toxicology risk assessment and thus provide test basis for the scientific use of this pesticides.